blood vessel identification lab quiz

what happens when arteries carry blood from the heart to capillaries?

capillaries exchange nutrients and gas for tissue

what happens after capillaries exchange nutrients and gasses with tissues?

venules pick up blood leaving the capillaries and veins carry blood back to the heart

what happens during pulmonary circulation

arteries carry oxygen poor blood from right ventricle to the lungs where gas exchange occurs and the veins carry oxygen rich blood back to the left atrium

what happens during systemic circulation?

arteries carry oxygen rich blood to body tissues and veins return oxygen poor blood to the heart where it enters pulmonary circulation

what does an anastomoses do?

provides alternate routes or detours for blood flow in case main route is blocked or damaged

what are arterial anastomosis and venous anastomosis?

blood vessels that connect arteries and venous anastomoses connects veins

where do all major arteries of the systemic circulation branch off?

from the aorta and go arteries go to transport blood to different regions of the body where blood is distributed to smaller arteries and to arterioles that connect to capillaries

3 regions of the aorta

ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta

blood is ejected into the left ventricle into which part of the aorta?

ascending aorta

what 2 arteries branch off the ascending aorta?

right and left coronary arteries and travels to the heart

how does the aortic arch happen?

ascending aorta curves superiority toward the left

which 3 major arteries branch off the aorta?

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery

what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into

it divides to form the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

what does the common carotid artery branch into?

internal and external carotid arteries

what does the internal carotid arteries do?

travels through the neck and enters the skull through carotid canal in each temporal bone to supply structures within the skull

what does the internal carotid arteries branch into?

anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery to supply blood to areas of the brain

what does the external carotid artery do?

terminates as 2 branching arteries near temporomandibular joint to supply structures external to the skull

how many vertebral arteries are there? and what structure do they branch off?

2 (one on each side) and branches of each subclavian artery

what do vertebral arteries do? and what does it merge into?

travels up the cervical vertebrae to reach the base of the brain and merge to form basilar artery

what do the posterior cerebral arteries branch off of? and for what purpose?

the basilar artery to supply blood to posterior part of the brain

what is the cerebral arterial circle?

circle of willis is a ring of blood vessels formed by 3 anastomoses that ensures blood flow if there is a blocked vessel

what are the 3 anastomoses from cerebral arterial circle?

anterior communicating artery and left and right posterior communicating arteries

what does the anterior communicating artery do?

connects the 2 anterior vertebral arteries

what does the posterior communicating arteries do?

connects internal carotid arteries to posterior cerebral arteries

what is below the subclavian artery?

the axillary artery

what does the axillary artery continue down as?

the brachial artery

what does the brachial artery branch into?

radial and ulnar artery

what supplies the fingers with blood?

superficial and deep palmar arch (anastomosis)

what does diaphragm divide?

divides the descending aorta into thoracic and abdominal sections

what is the thoracic aorta?

part of the descending aorta to bring oxygen rich blood to structures in the chest (ribs, lungs, esophagus)

how many branches of arteries are in the thoracic aorta

9 pairs of posterior intercostal arteries branch off the thoracic aorta

what happens once the thoracic aorta passes through the diaphragm?

it becomes abdominal aorta

what does the abdominal aorta supply?

abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities

what are the major branches of the abdominal aorta? (8)

celiac trunk, superior mesentaric artery, paired suprarenal glands, paired renal arteries, paired gonadal arteries, inferior mesentaric artery, 4 pairs of lumbar arteries, and ends in pelvis in the common iliac arteries

what does the celiac trunk divide into?

left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery

what are the specific structures in male and female in the gonadal arteries

ovarian arteries and testicular arteries

what are the major arteries of the pelvis and lower extremities? (8)

common iliac artery, internal iliac artery, external iliac artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, dorsalis pedis artery, posterior tibial artery, and fibula artery

what does the common iliac artery divide into?

internal and external iliac artery

as the external iliac artery descends what does it turn into?

the femoral artery

as the femoral artery descends what does it become?

once it reaches the knee it becomes the popliteal artery (it becomes posterior prior to femoral artery reaching the knee)

what does the popliteal artery divide into?

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

what does the anterior tibial artery become as it descends?

the dorsalis pedis artery

what do systemic veins do?

carries blood from the capillaries back toward the heart

are veins deep or superficial?

superficial and usually close to an artery

pulmonary circulation vs systemic circulation

veins carrying blood from lungs to left side of heart carry oxygen rich blood and veins carrying blood from other body tissues carry oxygen poor blood

what are the 3 veins that carry oxygen poor blood into the right atrium?

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

what are the 3 paired veins in the neck?

internal jugular, external jugular, and vertebral veins

what does the external jugular vein do? and where does it empty into?

drains the scalp and face which empties into subclavian vein

what does the internal jugular vein do? and where does it empty?

drains the brain and deep structures and empties into the brachiocephalic vein

what 2 veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein?

internal jugular vein and subclavian

what 2 veins merge to form the superior vena cava?

right and left brachiocephalic veins

what are the major superficial veins called? and which is lateral and medial? (2)

cephalic vein (lateral) and basilic vein (medial)

where is blood drawn from?

median cubical vein

what does the cephalic vein merge with?

axillary vein

what does the median cubical vein connect?

anastomosis of basilic and cephalic veins

what are the major deep veins of the arms? (5)

radial vein, ulnar vein, brachial vein, axillary vein, subclavian vein

what does the radial and ulnar vein merge to form?

brachial veins

as the brachial ascend the arm, what vein does it merge with to form the axillary vein?

basilic vein

as the axillary vein ascends what does it become?

subclavian vein

what is the azygos system of veins?

collects deoxygenated blood from thorax and abdomen to bring to svc (drains thorax and abdomen)

what does the azygos system include?

azygos vein, hemiazygos vein, and accessory hemiazygos vein

azygos system forms anastomosis large veins which can drain what other area?

lower limbs and the abdomen

why would lower limbs and abdominal area use the azygos system as a bypass system?

if the inferior vena cava is obstructed

what 2 veins of the pelvis merge to form?

the common iliac vein

which 2 veins of the lower region merge together to form inferior vena cava?

both common iliac veins

which veins of the abdomen directly drain into the ivc? (5)

lumbar veins, gonadal veins, renal veins, suprenal veins, and hepatic veins

veins that drain the stomach, intestines, spleen, pancrease, and gallbladder do not drain into IVC but instead a goes where?

to the hepatic portal circulation

what’s the hepatic portal circulation and why is it important?

special blood pathway that carries blood from the digestive organs to liver before returning to heart because intestines need to absorb nutrients and process them

what are the major veins of hepatic circulation? (4)

inferior mesentaric vein, splenic vein, superior mesentaric vein, and hepatic portal vein

what does the inferior mesentaric vein do?

drains blood from large intestines

the mesentaric vein joins with which other vein in hepatic circulation?

splenic vein

what does the splenic vein do?

carries blood from stomach, pancreas, and spleen

what does the superior mesentaric vein do?

drains blood from small intestines

to form the hepatic portal vein, which 2 veins must connect?

superior mesentaric vein and splenic vein

after the hepatic portal vein is established and blood nutrients are sent to the liver, how is it drained?

hepatic vein empties into the IVC

what are the superficial veins of the leg?

great saphenous and small saphenous

what is the longest vein in the body? and how many valves does it contain?

the great saphenous vein (medial) and contains 10-20 valves

what is the position of small saphenous veins?

lateral posterior

what are the deep veins of the leg? (5)

anterior and posterior tibial vein, fibular veins, popliteal veins, femoral vein, and external iliac vein

which 3 veins form the popliteal vein?

posterior tibial vein, fibular vein, and anterior tibial vein

what does ascension of the popliteal vein become?

femoral vein

after the femoral vein travels up what does it become?

external iliac vein

what happens in the lungs during pulmonary circulation?

capillaries remove co2 and add oxygen

during pregnancy what does the circulatory system provide for the fetus?

a way to give the fetus oxygen, nutrients, and eliminate co2 and other waste from fetal blood

how does nutrient and gas’s exchange occur inside the mother for the fetus

uses the placenta (through uterine blood vessels entering the placenta and substances are exchanged through diffusion btwn maternal and placental capillaries)

2 umbilical arteries carry what kind of blood to the placenta? what happens after?

it carries oxygen poor fetal blood to placenta and o2 and nutrients are added while co2 and wastes are removed

what does the one umbilical vein do?

carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood from placenta to fetus

where does the umbilical vein travel to?

the liver where it divides into 2 branches

after division into 2 branches where does blood travel to in the fetus body?

one branch carries blood to the hepatic portal vein while the other carries most blood to ductus venous

what does the ductus venous allow?

blood to enter IVC (bypass liver)

which 2 structures allows blood to bypass fetal lungs?

foramen ovale (fossa ovalis) and ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosus)

what’s the difference between foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus?

FO is opening btwn r and l atrium

DA connect pulmonary trunk to aorta

bypass of lungs