Topography

Flashcards summarizing key anatomical features and placements of organs in horses, ruminants, and porcine species.

Lung Basal Border (Horse)

6 rib- 11 rib- 16 rib

Auscultation Triangle (Horse)

Cranial- caudal border of triceps brachii m.

Dorsal- edge of epaxial mm

Caudoventral- line from point of elbow to junction of 16th rib and epaxial mm

Line of pleural reflection (horse)

8-9 costal cartilages

Costochondral joint of 9th rib

Middle of cranial border of 18th rib

Turns craniomedial to 17th ICS

Dome of diaphragm (horse)

6 rib- 9 rib- 15 ICS

Diaphragm attachments (Horse)

Sternal-dorsal surface of xiphoid

Costal- cartilages of 8-10 ribs and ribs 11-18

Vertebral- right: 4-5 L vertebrae, left: 1-2 L vertebrae

Heart Placement (Horse)

2-6 ICS

Location of Pulmonary Valve (Horse)

low left 3rd ICS.

Location of Aortic Valve (Horse)

high left 4th ICS

Location of Left AV Valve (Horse)

low left 5th ICS

Location of right AV Valve (Horse)

low right 3/4th ICS

Left cardiac notch (horse)

ribs 3-6

Right cardiac notch (horse)

rib 3- ICS 4

Thoracocentesis Tap (Horse)

low 6-8 ICS dorsal to the costochondral joint.

External abdominal oblique m attachments (horse)

rib 5

linea alba

coxal tuber

Prepubic tendon

Internal abdominal oblique m attachments (horse)

coxal tuber

inguinal ligament

last costal cartilages

linea alba

transverse abdominis attachments (horse

ventral ends of asternal ribs

lumbar transverse processes

linea alba

rectus abdominis m attachments (horse)

sternum

costal cartilages

pecten of pubis

Paralumbar fossa (horse)

Dorsal- lumbar transverse processes

Cranial- last rib

Caudoventral- dorsal aspect of internal abdominal oblique m

Deep inguinal Ring

Caudal- inguinal ligament (caudal edge of aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique)

Cranial- Caudal free edge of internal abdominal oblique m

Ventral- rectus abdominis and prepubic tendon

Cecum base (horse

14/15rib to pelvic inlet/coxal tuber

Cecum body (horse)

right flank

Cecum Apex (Horse)

xiphoid process.

Ileal orifice

17th ICS

cecocolic orifice

17 ICS

Ascending colon (horse)

vertex of diaphragm

Liver Placement (Horse)

Dorsal two-thirds of the abdomen

Right: diaphragm (rib 6) to right kidney (15th-17th rib).

Left: diaphragm (rib 6) to ribs 7-10

stomach (horse)

9-10 rib

11 rib

15 rib

Cardia (horse)

11th rib

Fundus (horse)

15th rib

Spleen (Horse)

Base: 14-18 ribs

apex: ⅔ ventral 9-13 ICS

Left kidney (horse)

last rib

L2-3

Right kidney (horse)

16-18 ribs

L1

Root of the mesentery

L1

Jejunum (horse)

mostly left dorsal abdomen

mobile

Descending colon (horse)

dorsal caudal left part of abdomen

Duodenum (horse)

descends on right side

bends medially at caudal pole of right kidney

Celiac a. (horse)

T18

Cranial mesenteric a. (horse)

L1

Caudal mesenteric a. (horse)

L4

Basal border of lung (ruminant)

Costochondral junction 6th rib

upper 11th rib/ICS

Auscultation Triangle (Ruminant)

Cranial- caudal border of triceps brachii m

Dorsal- edge of epaxial mm

Caudoventral- line from point of elbow to dorsal extent of 11th rib

Line of pleural reflection (OX)

8th costcochondral junction

middle of 11th rib

upper part of 12/13 rib

Line of pleural reflection (small ruminant)

8th costochondral junction

lower 11th rib

middle 13th rib

13th rib/L1

Dome of Diaphragm (ruminant)

6 rib

6 rib

12th rib

Heart (ruminant)

2-5 ICS

Pulmonary Valve (ruminant)

Low L 3rd ICS

Aortic valve (ruminant)

High L 4th rib-4th ICS

Left AV valve (ruminant)

Low L 4th ICS- 5th rib

Right AV valve (ruminant)

low R 3/4 ICS

Left cardiac notch (ruminant)

3rd ICS-5th rib

Right cardiac notch (ruminant)

3-4th ICS

Thoracocentesis tap (ruminant)

low 6-7th ICS

Pericardiocentesis tap (ruminant)

low 5th ICS

External abdominal oblique m (ruminant)

Rib 6

 linea alba

coxal tuber

prepubic tendon

Internal abdominal oblique m (ruminant)

lumbar transverse process

coxal tuber

inguinal ligament

last rib

linea alba

Transverse abdominis m (ruminant)

last ribs

lumbar transverse processes

linea alba

rectus abdominis m (ruminant)

sternum

costal cartilages

pecten of pubis

Paralumbar fossa

Dorsal- free end of lumbar transverse processes

Cranial- last rib

Caudoventral- dorsal edge of internal abdominal oblique

Deep Inguinal Ring (Ruminant)

Caudal- inguinal ligament (caudal edge of aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique)

Cranial- Caudal free edge of internal abdominal oblique m

Ventral- rectus abdominis and prepubic tendon

Liver (ruminant)- R or L

Right side

Liver (ruminant)

lower part of 6th ICS

upper part of 11/12th ICS

cardia of rumen

7th ICS/8th rib

Fundus

Caudal to omasum

spleen (ruminant)- R or L

Left side

Spleen (ruminant)

dorsal end of ribs 10-11

costochondral joint rib 7

Right kidney (ox)

last rib-L2/3

Right kidney (goat)

T13- L1/2

Right Kidney- L or R (adult ruminant)

Right side

Left Kidney- L or R (adult ruminant)

Right side

Left kidney (Ox)

ventral to L2-5

Left kidney (goat)

L1-3

Root of mesentery

L1

rumen- R or L

left side

rumen

7th ICS/8th rib (cardia)

pelvic inlet

Reticulum- R or L

Left side

Reticulum

6th to 8th rib

Omasum- L or R

on midline/left

Omasum (ox)

7th-11th rib

Omasum (goat)

8th-9th rib

Abomasum- R or L

crosses midline from left to right

Abomasum

on abdominal floor

Kidney (Porcine)

Ventral to L1-4 transverse processes