B1

Nucleus

Controls cell

Cytoplasm

Where the chemical reactions happen

Mitochondria

Energy for the cell

Chloroplasts

Helps photosynthesis

Cell wall

Keeps cells structure

Cell membrane

Protects cells from unwanted things

Vacuole

Holds sap for cell

Diffusion

From high concentration to low

What are the two types of cells?

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

Plasmid

DNA molecule

flagellum

tail for swimming

ribosomes

make proteins

What are the advantages of light microscopes?

can look at live specimens

is cheap

training isnt needed

What are the disadvantages of light microscopes?

low resolutions

low magnification

needs stains

What are the advantages of electron microscopes?

view more organelles

What are the disadvantages of electron microscopes?

costs lost of money

specimens need to be in a vacuum

training is required

resolution

smallest distance between two points

magnification

the size of the object can be changed to make an image clearer

What is protein synthesis?

the creation of protein by cells that use DNA and RNA

What are the four bases in nucleotides?

Thymine

Cytosine

Guanine

Adenine

What are the complementary base pairings?

c & g

a & t

What is an enzyme?

biological catalyst

What affects the enzymes rate of reaction?

Enzyme concentration

pH

substrate concentration

temperature

What is anaerobic respiration?

Glucose — Lactic Acid

is in oxygen debt

What is aerobic respiration?

glucose + oxygen — carbon dioxide + water

supply of oxygen

What is cellular respiration?

an exothermic reaction that supplies ATP to cells

What is lipids?

is made of 3 fatty acids and glycerol and is broken down by lipase

What is protein?

A polymer made of amino acids broken down by protease

What is a carbohydrate?

a polymer made of simple sugars broken down by amylase

What is the formula of photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

temperature

light intensity

carbon dioxide concentration

What is a limiting factor?

factors that limit photosynthesis