Unit 5- nutrition

What are nutrients?

Substances obtained from food that the body needs for:

• Energy

• Growth

• Repair

• Regulation of body processes

What are the six major classes of nutrients?

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Vitamins

• Minerals

• Water

Which nutrients provide energy?

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids

Which nutrient provides the most immediate energy for the body?

Carbohydrates

What are carbohydrates?

Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that are the body's primary energy source.

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

Provide energy for cells.

How many calories per gram do carbohydrates provide?

4 calories per gram

What are good dietary sources of carbohydrates?

• Fruits

• Vegetables

• Bread

• Rice

• Pasta

What carbohydrate does the body use directly for energy?

Glucose

What happens to excess carbohydrates?

Stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, or converted into fat.

What are proteins?

Large molecules made of amino acids that are important for building and repairing body tissues.

What are the functions of proteins?

• Build and repair tissues

• Make enzymes

• Make hormones

• Support immune function

• Maintain muscles

How many calories per gram do proteins provide?

4 calories per gram

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids

What are good dietary sources of protein?

• Meat

• Fish

• Eggs

• Nuts

Why are proteins important for muscle tissue?

They provide amino acids needed for muscle repair and growth.

What are lipids?

Fats and fat-like substances used for energy storage and important body functions.

What are the functions of lipids?

• Long-term energy storage

• Insulation

• Protect organs

• Form cell membranes

• Help absorb fat-soluble vitamins

How many calories per gram do lipids provide?

9 calories per gram

What are good dietary sources of lipids?

• Oils

• Nuts

• Avocados

• Butter

Why are lipids considered a long-term energy source?

They store more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins.

Which macronutrient provides 4 calories per gram?

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

Which macronutrient provides 9 calories per gram?

Lipids (fats)

Which macronutrient is the body's preferred energy source?

Carbohydrates

Which macronutrient is primarily used for building and repairing tissues?

Proteins

Which macronutrient is important for insulation and long-term energy storage?

Lipids

What does BMI stand for?

Body Mass Index

What does BMI measure?

A person's weight relative to their height.

What is the purpose of BMI?

To estimate whether a person's body weight is in a healthy range based on height.

Is BMI a perfect measurement of health?

No.

It does not account for:

• Muscle mass

• Body composition

• Fat distribution

A person needs quick energy before exercise. Which macronutrient is most useful?

Carbohydrates

A person recovering from a muscle injury needs nutrients for tissue repair. Which macronutrient is most important?

Protein

A person needs stored energy and insulation. Which macronutrient is involved?

Lipids

Which macronutrient contains the most energy per gram?

Lipids