Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
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45 Terms
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Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
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Material
The matter of which an object is made.
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Solid
A state of matter that is hard and has a definite shape.
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Liquid
A state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container.
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Gas
A state of matter that has no definite shape or volume.
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Temperature Change
The state of matter can be changed usually by changing the temperature.
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Element
A substance that cannot be split into any other simpler substance by any physical or chemical means.
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Number of Elements
There are 109 elements known, of which 92 are naturally occurring.
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Metals
Elements that are usually hard, heavy solids at room temperature and are good conductors of heat and electricity.
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Non-metals
Elements that can be solid, liquid, or gaseous and are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.
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Metalloids
Elements that show properties of both metals and non-metals.
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Brittle
A characteristic of non-metals, meaning they are usually fragile and can break easily.
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Metallic Lustre
A shiny appearance that metals possess.
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High Melting and Boiling Points
Metals have high melting and boiling points, while non-metals do not.
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Lightest Metal
Lithium is the lightest metal.
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Lightest Element
Hydrogen is the lightest element.
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Noble Metal
Platinum is classified as a noble metal.
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Examples of Metals
Copper, iron, and gold are examples of metals.
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Examples of Non-metals
Iodine, Sulphur, Bromine, chlorine, and oxygen are examples of non-metals.
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Good Conductors
Graphite is an exception among non-metals as it is a good conductor of electricity.
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Soft Metals
Sodium and Potassium are soft metals that can be cut with a knife.
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Arsenic
A chemical element with symbol As.
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Antimony
A chemical element with symbol Sb.
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Sodium
A soft metal that can be cut with a knife.
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Potassium
A soft metal that can be cut with a knife.
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Astatine
The rarest element.
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Diamond
The hardest substance and can reflect light, though it is a non-metal.
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Silver
The metal which is the best conductor of electricity.
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Inert elements
Elements such as Helium, Neon, Argon that do not readily react with other elements.
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Active metals
Metals such as Sodium and Potassium that readily react with other elements.
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Oxygen
An example of a non-metal.
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Nitrogen
An example of a non-metal.
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Hydrogen
An example of a non-metal.
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Chlorine
An example of a non-metal.
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Compound
A substance consisting of two or more elements which combine chemically in a definite proportion.
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Water
A compound consisting of Hydrogen and Oxygen.
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Common salt
A compound consisting of Sodium and Chlorine.
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Sugar
A compound consisting of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
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Carbon-dioxide
A compound consisting of Carbon and Oxygen.
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Ammonia
A compound consisting of Nitrogen and Hydrogen.
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Mixture
Formed by simply mixing some elements or compounds or both in any proportion without any chemical reaction.
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Air
An example of a mixture.
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Smoke
An example of a mixture.
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Soda water
An example of a mixture.
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Sugar solution
An example of a mixture.
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