Anatomy and Physiology - McGraw Hill (Chapter 1)

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142 Terms

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Organization

Complex structure and order

<p>Complex structure and order</p>
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Metabolism

Sum of all chemical reactions in the body

<p>Sum of all chemical reactions in the body</p>
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Anabolism

Small molecules joined to form larger ones

<p>Small molecules joined to form larger ones</p>
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Catabolism

Large molecules broken down into smaller ones

<p>Large molecules broken down into smaller ones</p>
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Responsiveness

Ability to sense and react to stimuli

<p>Ability to sense and react to stimuli</p>
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Regulation

Ability to adjust internal bodily function to accommodate environment changes

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Reproduction

Needed for maintenance, growth and repair

<p>Needed for maintenance, growth and repair</p>
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Chemical

Atoms and molecules

<p>Atoms and molecules</p>
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Atoms

Smallest unit of matter

<p>Smallest unit of matter</p>
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Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded together

<p>Two or more atoms bonded together</p>
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Cellular

Cell

<p>Cell</p>
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Tissue

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

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Epithelial tissue

Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways, forms glands

<p>Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways, forms glands</p>
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Connective tissue

Protects, supports, and binds structures and organs

<p>Protects, supports, and binds structures and organs</p>
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Muscle tissue

Movement

<p>Movement</p>
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Nervous tissue

Nerve impulses for communication

<p>Nerve impulses for communication</p>
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Organ

Two or more tissues working together

<p>Two or more tissues working together</p>
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Organ system level

Multiple organs working together

<p>Multiple organs working together</p>
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Integumentary system

Protects against environmental hazards; helps control body temperature

<p>Protects against environmental hazards; helps control body temperature</p>
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Skeletal system

Physical foundation of the body; site of hematopoiesis ; stores calcium and phosphorus

<p>Physical foundation of the body; site of hematopoiesis ; stores calcium and phosphorus</p>
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Muscular System

Responsible for the movement of the human body

<p>Responsible for the movement of the human body</p>
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Nervous system

Regulates movement and posture

<p>Regulates movement and posture</p>
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Endocrine system

Consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing hormones

<p>Consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing hormones</p>
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Cardiovascular system

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, and hormones

<p>Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, and hormones</p>
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Lymphatic system

Transportation of fluids, lymphocyte production, body defense

<p>Transportation of fluids, lymphocyte production, body defense</p>
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Respiratory system

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH. Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages.

<p>Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH. Consists of the lungs and respiratory passages.</p>
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Urinary system

Filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body

<p>Filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body</p>
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Digestive system

Mechanically and chemically digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products

<p>Mechanically and chemically digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products</p>
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Reproductive system

Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (oocytes)

<p>Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (oocytes)</p>
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Supine

Lying down, facing upward

<p>Lying down, facing upward</p>
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Anatomical position

A standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to each other, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward

<p>A standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to each other, and the arms are at the sides with the palms facing forward</p>
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Section

Cut or slice through a structure

<p>Cut or slice through a structure</p>
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Plane

Imaginary flat surface passing through the body

<p>Imaginary flat surface passing through the body</p>
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Coronal plane

An imaginary plane where the body is cut into front and back parts (Anterior and posterior)

<p>An imaginary plane where the body is cut into front and back parts (Anterior and posterior)</p>
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Transverse plane

Horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions (Superior and inferior)

<p>Horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions (Superior and inferior)</p>
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Midsagittal plane

Divides the body into equal right and left sides

<p>Divides the body into equal right and left sides</p>
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Sagittal plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

<p>A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts</p>
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Parasagittal plane

Divides body into unequal right and left sides

<p>Divides body into unequal right and left sides</p>
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Oblique plane

A minor plane that passes through the specimen at an angle

<p>A minor plane that passes through the specimen at an angle</p>
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Anterior

Front of the body

<p>Front of the body</p>
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Posterior

Back of body

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Dorsal

Toward the back of the body

<p>Toward the back of the body</p>
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Ventral

Toward the belly

<p>Toward the belly</p>
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Superior

Closer to the head ; going up

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Inferior

Closer to the feet ; going down

<p>Closer to the feet ; going down</p>
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Cranial

Toward the head

<p>Toward the head</p>
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Caudal

Towards the rear or tail end

<p>Towards the rear or tail end</p>
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Rostral

Towards the nose or mouth

<p>Towards the nose or mouth</p>
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Medial

Toward the midline of the body

<p>Toward the midline of the body</p>
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Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

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Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body

<p>On the same side of the body</p>
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Contralateral

On the opposite side of the body

<p>On the opposite side of the body</p>
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Deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

<p>Away from the body surface; more internal</p>
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Superficial

On or near the surface; concerned with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow

<p>On or near the surface; concerned with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow</p>
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Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

<p>Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk</p>
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Distal

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

<p>Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk</p>
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Axial region

Head, neck, trunk

<p>Head, neck, trunk</p>
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Appendicular region

Upper and lower limbs

<p>Upper and lower limbs</p>
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Cephalic region

Head

<p>Head</p>
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Frontal

Forehead

<p>Forehead</p>
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Orbital

Eye

<p>Eye</p>
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Nasal

Nose

<p>Nose</p>
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Buccal

Cheek

<p>Cheek</p>
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Oral

Mouth

<p>Mouth</p>
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Mental

Chin

<p>Chin</p>
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Thoracic region

Chest area

<p>Chest area</p>
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Axillary

Armpit

<p>Armpit</p>
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Mammary

Breast

<p>Breast</p>
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Pectoral

Chest

<p>Chest</p>
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Sternal

Sternum

<p>Sternum</p>
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Abdominal region

Abdomen

<p>Abdomen</p>
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Pelvic region

Pelvis

<p>Pelvis</p>
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Coxal

Hip

<p>Hip</p>
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Inguinal

Groin

<p>Groin</p>
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Cervical

Neck

<p>Neck</p>
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Deltoid

Shoulder

<p>Shoulder</p>
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Brachial

Arm

<p>Arm</p>
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Antecubital

Front of elbow

<p>Front of elbow</p>
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Olecranal

Elbow

<p>Elbow</p>
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Antebrachial

Forearm

<p>Forearm</p>
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Carpal

Wrist

<p>Wrist</p>
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Dorsum

Back of hand

<p>Back of hand</p>
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Manus

Hand

<p>Hand</p>
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Palmar

Palm

<p>Palm</p>
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Digital

Fingers, toes

<p>Fingers, toes</p>
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Femoral

Thigh

<p>Thigh</p>
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Patellar

Kneecap

<p>Kneecap</p>
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Popliteal

Posterior of the knee

<p>Posterior of the knee</p>
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Crural

Leg

<p>Leg</p>
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Sural

Calf

<p>Calf</p>
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Calcaneal

Heel

<p>Heel</p>
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Plantar surface

Sole of the foot

<p>Sole of the foot</p>
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Tarsal

Ankle

<p>Ankle</p>
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Dorsum of the foot

Back of foot

<p>Back of foot</p>
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Cranial

Surrounding the brain

<p>Surrounding the brain</p>
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Occipital

Back of head

<p>Back of head</p>
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Auricular

Ear

<p>Ear</p>
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Vertebral

Spinal column

<p>Spinal column</p>
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Lumbar

Lower back

<p>Lower back</p>
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Sacral

Between hips

<p>Between hips</p>