Unit 2 Mitosis phases

Prophase

Anaphase

Metaphase

Telophase

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up single file at the middle of the cell

Anaphase

Sister chromatids separate

Anaphase

Spindle fibers begin to shorten, pulling chromatids towards opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

A nuclear membrane reforms around chromatin

Telophase

Chromosomes begin to unwind

Telophase

Spindle fibers begin to break down

Telophase

Two identical nuclei form

Prophase

Copied DNA condenses into chromosomes

Prophase

The nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear membrane breaks down

Prophase

Spindle fibers begin to form

Cell Cycle

process of cellular reproduction, occurring in three main stages - interphase (growth), mitosis (nuclear division), and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division)

Chromatin

relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus of a cell

Chromosome

DNA-containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another

Cytokinesis

third main stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell's cytoplasm divides, creating two new cells

Interphase

first stage of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA

Mitosis

second main stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's replicated DNA divides and two genetically identical diploid daughter cells are produced

Anaphase

third stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled apart and microtubules, along with motor proteins, move the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell

Centromere

cell structure that joins two sister chromatids

Spindle Fibers

structure that is involved in moving and organizing chromosomes before the cell divides

Telophase

last stage of mitosis in which nucleoli reappear. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form, but the cell has not yet completely divided.

Apoptosis

programmed cell death

Cancer

uncontrolled growth and division of cells that can be caused by changes in control of the cell cycle and may be caused by environmental factors

Interphase

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases. (Period of normal growth and maintenance. (3 stages)

G1

In interphase - cell grows rapidly, builds new organelles; also performs regular cell functions

S phase

The "synthesis" phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. (doubles each chromosomes)

G2

Final preparation phase. Cell checks for DNA errors and begins to form centrosomes. (Prepares for Mitosis)

Metaphase

Prophase

Anaphase

Telophase

cytokinesis