THE RESTORATION AND CHARLES 2- 1660- 1685 timeline

The declaration of Breda 1660

-Charles 2 promise to:

-rule with parliament

-offers religious toleration

-land or property issues to be settled by parliament

-pardon for those involved with regicide ( though the actual killers condemned) or the commonwealth

The convention parliament 1660

-assembled by Monck

-restored the monarchy, House of Lords and House of Commons

- members of royalists and moderates- stability

-invited return of Charles 2

Fifth monarchist rising 1661

-radical puritan sect - wanted to create a kingdom of saints and saw monarchy as backwards

-led by Venner and seized St Paul’s cathedral

Outcome of fifth monarchist rising

-showed threat of religious radicalism

-caused more repression of religious groups

-cavalier parliament responded by strengthening Clarendon codes

Cavalier parliament 1661 (till 1679)

-strongly royalists -first parliament of Charles 2

-aim to strengthen monarchy + undo interregnum + prevent civil war by suppressing radical groups

-passed Clarendon codes - cooperation act, act of uniformity , conventicle act, five mile act

-re established Church of England and bishops restored in House of Lords

Cooperation act 1661

-start of Clarendon codes

-excluded anglicans from local gov

Militia act 1661

Gives Charles control over armed forces

Act of uniformity 1662

-enforces Anglicanism

-1,800 puritan ministers elected

Licensing act 1662

-press censorship - no pamphlet/ book published without government listened

-licensed of press appointed

Royal Society founded 1662

Scientific advancement for natural knowledge - symbolised stability after political turmoil

Declaration of indulgence 1662

-gave religious tolerance to catholics and dissenters

-later WITHDRAWN after pressure from Anglican parliament

Conventicle act 1664

Outlawed religious assemblies of more than 5 non- anglicans

Five mile act 1665

Ejected ministers banned from living five miles of any town/place where they preached previously - ministers had to swear oath of non resistance to king and Church of England

-targeted Presbyterians, independents, baptists and other nonconformists

-another part of Clarendon codes

Second Anglo-Dutch war 1665

Ended in treaty of Breda 1667

- England keep new Netherlands ( renamed new Netherlands) , Dutch keep control of valuable spice islands in East Indies

—> strategic Dutch win

What occurred between 1663-1665

PLAGUE

Great fire of London 1666

Anti catholic conspiracy theories resurface

—> blamed on catholics, dissenters and foreigners

Dutch raid on medrears 1667

-humiliating deafest for England, showed naval weakness

Who fell from power in 1667

Clarendon (Hyde)

Who made up the CABAL formed in 1667

-thomas Clifford

-lord Arlington

-duke of Buckingham

-lord Lauderdale

Aims of the CABAL 1667-1674

-strengthened royal authority- helped Charles rule without Parliament

-pro-French foreign policy- aim to build Anglo-French alliances leading to third Dutch war

-religious toleration - wanted relaxed laws against dissenters and catholics and supported declaration of indulgence

-wanted to gain political power and influence

Triple alliance 1668

-agreement between England, Dutch republic and Sweden to counter growing expansion of France

Treaty of Dover 1670

-Anglo-French treaty

-Charles agrees to convert to Catholicism

-agrees to support French in war with Dutch in return for £225,000 annual subsidy from Louis XIV

-countered triple alliance!!!

Security conventicle act 1670

Renewed crackdown on dissenters

What declaration did parliament force withdrawal from in 1673

Declaration of indulgence

Test act 1673

-stated all office holders must take Anglican communion and deny catholic doctrines

-forces James 1 (heir) to resign - confirms his Catholicism

-start of opposition to royal policy in the whigs

treaty of Westminster 1674

-ended the third Anglo-Dutch war and established piece

-solidified territorial gains made by England during second Anglo Dutch war

-confirmed status who of previous peace treaty- peace of Breda

What political parties rose in 1674+75

-WHIGS- anti catholic and pro parli

-TORIES-pro-royalist, conservative

What fear grew in 1675

A catholic “popish plot”

Titus Oates “popish plot” 1678

-previous catholic Oates gives fake claims of a catholic plot to kill Charles and replace him with James

-caused anti catholic hysteria and executions

-parliament demands action against catholics and James (exclusion crisis)

start of exclusion crisis 1679

-Whigs push to exclude James from throne

-so Charles dissolved cavalier parliament and begins calling and dissolving short parliament 1679-81 to block exclusion bills

2nd and 3rd exclusion parliament 1680-1681

-Whig pressure to exclude James

—> Charles deists and uses French subsidies to rule without Parliament

Oxford parliament 1681

-last parliament of Charles 2

-dissolved after a week- just brief parliament session held in Oxford due to Whigs London influence

Rye house plot 1683

-Whig plan to assassinate Charles and James

—>results in executions and loss of political freedom

Borough charters revoked by Charles 1684

-used his royal prerogative

-aimed to gain greater control over local government and gave power to loyalists

Who dies February 1685 and who succeeded him?

-Charles 2- converted to Catholicism on his deathbed

-succeeded by James 2 despite exclusion crisis!!