Levels of Organisation - U1

What are bioelements?

Atoms in living matter are called bioelements, which then form biomolecules.

How are molecules formed?

Atoms come together to form molecules, and they're held together by chemical bonds.

What does CHON stand for?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.

What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?

Inorganic molecules can be found in both living and non-living matter, but organic molecules are only found in living matter.

What is a tissue?

A group of cells which perform the same function.

What do tissues form?

A group of tissues with the same function joing together to form an organ.

What do organs form?

Organs join together to form organ systems.

What do organ systems make?

Organ systems (with different functions) make a multicellular organism.

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

The main difference is that eukaryotic cells have a nucleus whilst prokaryotic cells don't. Eukaryotic cells are more complex and have organelles, whilst prokaryotic cells are simpler and don't have organelles.

What is the plasma membrane?

A thin layer that protects the cell and regulates exchanges of substances.

What does the nucleus do?

The nucleus contains genetic material and organises the cell's activity.

What is cytoplasm?

Cytoplasm is a thick liquid that contains cell organelles. It's where chemical reactions take place.

What are the non-membranous organelles?

Centrioles, ribosomes and cytoskeleton.

What are the membranous organelles?

Mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles and golgi apparatus.

What is cell differentiation?

Cell differentiation is the process in which cells change its shape and structure in order to perform a specific function.

What are the 2 types of epithelial tissue?

Covering epithelium covers and protects outside surfaces and internal cavities.
Glandular epithelium forms glands.

What are the 5 types of connective tissue?

Reticular connective tissue has an extensive gel-like matrix, it fills in organs and the spaces between them and forms tendons. Adipose tissue has a matrix with low levels of intercellular substance, it's an energy reserve and a thermal insulator. Cartilaginous tissue has a solid and elastic matrix, and covers the joints to prevent deterioration.
Osseous tissue has solid and hard matrix, and forms bones. Blood has a liquid matrix called plasma.

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal striated muscle tissue forms the muscles of the locomotor system and can be moved voluntarily.
Cardiac striated muscle tissue forms the walls of the heart. It contracts involuntarily.
Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of various organs like the stomach and bladder. It contracts involuntarily.

What 2 cells is nervous tissue made up of?

Neurons perceive and react to stimuli, and glial cells protect and give them nutrients.

What does the digestive system do?

This system transforms food into nutrients.

What does the respiratory system do?

This system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What does the circulatory system do?

This system uses blood to transport substances throughout the body.

What does the lymphatic system do?

The lymphatic system transports substances along with the circulatory system.

What does the excretory system do?

This system takes waste from the blood and eliminates them.

What does the nervous system do?

This system receives information from the outside environment and generate signals, which then uses to coordinate the body.

What does the endocrine system do?

This system works with the nervous system to induce responses in certain organs.

What do the muscular and skeletal systems do?

These systems they make up the locomotor system that generates movement.

What does the female reproductive system do?

This system produces female gametes and also protects and nurtures the embryo.

What does the male reproductive system do?

This system produces male gametes.

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is all the physiological processes needed to keep the internal environment stable.

What are the main differences between the optical and electron microscope?

The optical microscope has a lower magnification than the electron. The electron microscope can only be used to examine