HS2 INFECTION CONTROL UNIT TEST STUDY GUIDE

What is the 1st step in the chain of infection?

The Infectious agent

What is the Infectious agent?

A pathogen

What is the 2nd step in the chain of infection?

The reservoir

What is the 3rd step in the chain of infection?

The portal of exit

What is the portal of exit?

How the infectious agent to escapes from the reservoir

What is the 4th step in the chain of infection?

The mode of transmission

What is the mode of transmission

How infectious agent can be transmitted or spread to another reservoir

What is the 5th step in the chain of infection?

The portal of entry

What is the portal of entry?

How the infectious agent enters a new reservoir

Who is a susceptible host in the chain of infection?

A person likely to get an infection

Endogenous definition:

A microorganisms already in the human body

Exogenous definition:

A microorganism that entered the human body from outside

Nonpathogenic definition:

A microorganism that does not cause disease

Pathogen definition:

A microorganism that causes disease

Anaerobic definition:

Something that doesn’t need oxygen to survive

Aerobic definition:

Something that needs oxygen to survive

Nosocomial infection definition:

Infection acquired while in a hc setting

Contaminated definition:

Anything that may contain organisms or pathogens

Asepsis definition:

Having no disease-producing microorganisms

Sterile definition:

Free of ALL organisms

Antisepsis definition:

Aseptic control that prevents growth of pathogens

Antisepsis/Sanitization Level of Asepsis

Hand sanitizer ( can be used on the skin )

Disinfection Level of Asepsis

It destroys pathogens but isn’t always effective against spores and viruses

Sterilization (autoclave) Level of Asepsis

It destroys all microorganisms; including spores and viruses

Sterile field definition:

An area set up for certain procedures & free of all organisms

Communicable disease definition:

A pathogen that can be easily transmitted

Epidemic definition:

A communicable disease spreads rapidly affecting a lot of people

Pandemic definition:

A worldwide disease outbreak that affects a lot of the population

Clean definition:

Free from disease causing organisms

What PPE are used for a CONTACT precaution?

Gloves & Gowns

What consideration should be used when dealing with a CONTACT precaution?

Gloves must be worn when entering the room and removed before exiting

What illnesses are present in CONTACT precautions?

MRSA, impetigo, VRE, conjunctivitis, herpes simplex virus, lice, scabies

What PPE should be used for DROPLET precautions?

Gloves / Gowns / Masks

What considerations should be used when dealing with a DROPLET precaution?

Keep at least 3ft distance when possible / Pt must wear a surgical mask during transport.

What illnesses are present during DROPLET precautions?

Meningitis, influenza, pneumonia, pertussis, mumps

What PPE should be used for AIRBORNE precautions?

Gloves / Gowns / N95 / Respirators / Mask

What considerations should be used when dealing with a AIRBORNE precaution?

Pt should be placed in a private negative air pressure room / PPE removed in anteroom.

What illnesses could be present in a AIRBORNE precaution?

Measles, Chicken Pox, SARS, tuberculosis

What PPE should be used in a REVERSE ISOLATION precaution?

Masks / Sterile Gowns / Gloves

What considerations should be used in a REVERSE ISOLATION precaution?

Disinfect room frequently

What Illnesses may occur in a REVERSE ISOLATION precaution?

immunocompromised pts; HIV. organ transplant patient, cancer treatments, burn pt

What are the 3 main BBP’s concerning HCP’s?

HBV / HCV / HIV