unit 2 biochemistry

studied byStudied by 1 person
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

hydrogen bond

1 / 49

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

50 Terms

1

hydrogen bond

a weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative oxygen atom

New cards
2

water is a _____ molecule

polar

New cards
3

polar molecule

A molecule that has electrically charged areas.

New cards
4

non-polar molecule

no charged regions

New cards
5

solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

New cards
6

solute

dissolves in solvents

New cards
7

solution

a mix of solutes and solvents

New cards
8

hydrogen bonding properties

high specific heat, cohesion, adhesion, high surface tension, expands when freezing, being a good solvent

New cards
9

what elements are used in all living systems?

C,H,O,N,P,S

New cards
10

Ionic bond

electrons are transferred

New cards
11

covalent bond

electrons are shared

New cards
12

monomer

makes up polymers (individual subunits)

New cards
13

polymer

made up of monomers?..

New cards
14

hydrolysis

uses water to break up a polymer

New cards
15

dehydration synthesis

removes water to make more polymers

New cards
16

what are the monomers for lipids?

none (they dont have one)

New cards
17

what are the monomers for carbohydrates?

monosaccharides

New cards
18

what are the monomers for nucleic acids?

nucleotides

New cards
19

what are the monomers for proteins?

amino acids

New cards
20

examples of lipids are...

fats, oils, waxes

New cards
21

lipids are used for...

storing energy, making up cell membranes, make hormones

New cards
22

what makes proteins so special? (whats special about their molecular model)

they have the R group which can be substituted into 20 different things and change the specific use of the protein

New cards
23

what elements are used in lipids?

C,H,O, and sometimes P

New cards
24

what elements are in carbohydrates?

C,H,O

New cards
25

what is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?

1:2:1

New cards
26

what are the uses of carbohydrates?

energy storage and make up the cell wall

New cards
27

what elements are in nucleic acids?

C,H,N,O,P

New cards
28

what are the uses for nucleic acids?

RNA and DNA

New cards
29

what elements are in proteins?

C,H,N,O, and sometimes S

New cards
30

what are the uses for proteins?

build chemicals and break down chemicals (think of enzymes!)

New cards
31

enzymes

catalysts which mean they speed up chemical reactions but are not used up in the process (they lower the activation energy in a chemical reaction)

New cards
32

how can you tell if something is an enzyme?

ends with -ase (ex. DNA polyrase which are the polymers of DNA monomers

New cards
33

what are enzymes made up of?

proteins (which explains the uses for proteins!)

New cards
34

what is enzyme specificity?

only a specific substrate can fit into the active site of the enzyme. the enzyme will only function in a specific pH and temperature

New cards
35

denature

the enzyme is not the same shape as it was before and now it no longer performs its job

New cards
36

how does an enzyme denature?

when the pH is too high/low or the temperature is too high/low

New cards
37

base pH

>7

New cards
38

acidic pH

<7

New cards
39

neutral pH

7

New cards
40

how is the pH scale organized? (how much different is pH 6 from pH5)

the pH scale is in bases of 10 so that would make pH 5 10x more acidic than pH 6

New cards
41

what do acids do to hydrogen ions?

releases a hydrogen ion (high H+ concentration)

New cards
42

what do bases do to hydrogen ions?

removes hydrogen ions (low H+ concentration)

New cards
43

fun fact about bases:

take a while to do damage but theyre just as dangerous as acids

New cards
44

inputs in chemical reactions are called

reactants

New cards
45

outputs of chemical reactions are called

products

New cards
46

substrate

what an enzyme reacts with and goes into the active site

New cards
47

example of a liquid with a neutral pH

water (or water that doesn't have anything odd in it)

New cards
48

TRUE OR FALSE: enzymes can NOT be used over and over again

FALSE: enzymes can be used as many times as they want as long as a substrate they like is present and the pH and temperature is right

New cards
49

what are the 3 parts of an atom along with their charges?

protons (positive), neutron (neutral), electron (negative)

New cards
50

why is carbon so important to life science?

it can have up to 4 bonds (which not many other elements can do) which allows it to have many different shapes

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 23 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 70 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 5796 people
... ago
4.0(6)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (70)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (45)
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (36)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (96)
studied byStudied by 35 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (23)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (61)
studied byStudied by 636 people
... ago
3.9(14)
flashcards Flashcard (26)
studied byStudied by 40 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot