Flashcards Philosophy Exam 1

What word means the "love of wisdom?"

Philosophy

What does the Greek word Philea mean?

Love

What does the Greek word Sophia mean?

Wisdom

What does Eudaimona mean?

Flourishing, good life

What is Inman's definition of wisdom?

Rightly seeing and rightly living along the grain of reality; being skilled in the art of living

In what ways does philosophy engage a person?

Rationally, Emotionally, and Volitionally

_____ ______ are perspectives, imaginative visions of how the whole world is

World-Pictures

What helps a person "navigate reality well?"

Existential Maps

What can philosophy be motivated by?

Wonder

What are two aspects of wonder?

Perceived vastness and need for accommodation

What is pride?

The act of putting yourself before others

What is the Promethean Ideal?

Manipulating reality into what we desire

A bad character trait is also known as ___.

Vice

Sloth/Laziness

Acedia

How do most humans learn best?

Seeing it in action

Who lived for pursuit of wisdom of the world around him?

Socrates

What is the Socratic Method?

Question and answer; one on one or group dialogue

What is Socratic ignorance?

Socrate's lack of knowledge and acceptance

What is misology?

The hatred of reasoning

What is Phaeda?

Socrate's final conversation with his friends

What is the purpose of Phaeda?

Teaching us not to grow to hate reasoning/debate

What is Sophistry?

Negative connotation; a group of expert debaters and persuaders; not concerned about truth just winning arguments

A set of statements where some of the statements, called the premises are intended to rationally support another called the conclusion

Argument

____ evaluates whether the premises of an argument adequately support the conclusion

Logic

An error in reasoning

Fallacy

A compound statement that says if P, then Q

Conditional Statement

What is the first part of a conditional statement?

Antecedent

What is the second part of a conditional statement?

Consequent

The foundation of ALL reasoning

The Law of Thought

A statement cannot be true AND false at the same time

The Law of Noncontradiction

All statements are either true OR false

The Law of Excluded Middle

An argument in which the truth of the premises are intended to GUARANTEE the truth of the conclusion

Deductive Argument

An argument in which the truth of the premises are intended to make the conclusion PROBABLE without guaranteeing it

Inductive Argument

What are the two things to evaluate in any argument?

Form and content

An argument in which it is necessary that if the premises is true, the conclusion must be true

Valid Argument

If it is possible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false, then the argument is ____

Invalid

A valid argument in which all premises are true

Sound Argument

An argument that is either invalid or has at least one false premise

Unsound Argument

If P, then Q

P

Therefore, Q

Modus Ponens

If P, then Q

Not Q

Therefore not P

Modus Tollens

If P, then Q

If Q, then R

Therefore if P, then R

Hypothetical Syllogism

Either P or Q

Not P

Therefore Q

Disjunctive Syllogism

Assume P (Assuming law of noncontradiction)

Q

Not Q

Therefore not P

Reductio ad Absurdum

A fallacy committed when someone argues that one must choose between 2 options when there is actually another alternative

False Dilemna

A fallacy committed when someone's argument uses the conclusion as a premise

Begging the Question

Arguing for a conclusion on the basis of its negation lacking strong evidence

Argument from Ignorance

A fallacy committed when a word or phrase is used in different senses in different places in the argument

Equivocation

A fallacy when someone argues against a particular viewpoint by attacking a weak argument for that view while ignoring stronger arguments that might be offered

Straw Man

A fallacy committed when someone attacks the character or circumstances of the person giving an argument rather than attacking the argument itself

Ad Hominem

A falacy committed when the reason given for adopting the viewpoint is bacause the majority does or it is in fashion

Appeal to the People

A strong argument in which ALL premises are true

cogent argument

An argument that is either weak or strong with at least one false premise

uncogent argument

Knowing how to do something

Skill Knowledge

Knowledge of many truths through other sources

Experiential knowledge

Knowledge that something is the case

Propositional knowledge

All truth is relative

Universal relativism

These are relative, these are not

Mitigated Relativism

A type of relativism that says each individual determines their own truth

Subjectivism

A type of relativism that states truth is determined by culture

Conventionalism

The study of nature and scope of knowledge and justification of belief

Epistmology

The ensemble of all of a person's beliefs together with the relations that hold between those beliefs and between the beliefs and the person

Noetic Structure

A web of your beliefs

Coherentism

What are the 2 categories of beliefs?

Inferentially justified beliefs and basic belifs

If it's gonna be a strong belief, it must be certain

Strong Foundationalism

A circle cannot also be a square

Self-Evident Basec Belief

I exist; I'm in pain/I cannot be mistaken

Incorrigible Basic Belief

Whatever is evident to my senses is foundational

Evident to Senses Basic Belief

If it was formed on its own, it is foundational

Modest Foundationalism

We have some knowledge

Mitigated Skepticism

We don't have any knowledge

Universal Skepticism

Not prone to mistake; cannot be mistaken

Infallibilism