Small parts - Thyroid Ch 22

what is first and largest endocrine gland to develop

thyroid

what size is adult thyroid

4--6 cm x 2-3 cm x 1.5-2 cm

what is average isthmus size

4-6 mm

what is thyroid volume formula

l x w x h x 0.52 for each lobe

esophagus is found on which side of trachea

left

what is thyroid blood supply

(2) sup thyroid A from external carotid for upper pole, (2) inferior thyroid A from thyrocervical trunk of subclavian A to lower poles

what are peak systolic velocities in major thyroid arteries

20-40 cm/sec

what is peak systolic velocities in intraparenchymal A

15-30 cm/s

where do thyroid veins drain

superior to internal jugs, inferior to subclavian

what is purpose of thyroid

metabolism, growth, and development by synthesis, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormones

what is mechanism for producing thyroid hormones

iodine metabolism

what regulates thyroid hormones

pituitary and hypothalamus

what does pituitary gland produce to release hormones into blood

TSH

what regulates secretion of TSH via TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)

hypothalamus

what is euthyroid

normal thyroid hormone secretion

what does myxedema mean

skin edema

Graves disease is hyper or hypo

hyper

what does hyperemic mean

increased vascularity

what is most common thyroid abnormality

goiter, nodular hyperplasia

what is most common benign thyroid neoplasm

adenoma

what is a toxic goiter

hyperactive thyroid gland

what is cause of MNG/multinodular goiter

autoimmune

what is cause of hyperplasia and goiter

iodine deficiency

what distinguishes a colloid cyst from regualr thyroid cyst

echogenic focus in cystic area

what is M/F ratio of thyroid adenomas

7:1 femal

Hurthle cell adenoma?

adenomas are usually visualized with _______ rim

anechoic

how many levels to TI RADS

5

what are TIRADS based on

composition, echos, shape, margins, punctate echogenic foci

what is F/M ratio of thyroid carcinoma

2:1 female

what is most common thyroid malignancy

papillary carcinoma

sono of papillary carcinoma

hypo, mostly solid, microcalcifications, taller than wide, hypervascular, cervical lymph node metastases

what disease coincides with papillary carcinoma

Hashimotos thyroiditis

what is second most common thyroid cancer

follicular carcinoma

what is the more common way of follicular carcinoma mets

through blood, not lymph

sono of follicular carcinoma

halo, irreg margins

how is follicular carcinoma typicall spread

lymph

is tlymphoma hodgkins or non

non

sono of lympoma

non vascular, hypoechoic, lobulated mass

what is most common METS from

from breast cancer

what size are lymph nodes

<1 cm

what is most common cause of hyperthyroidism

Grave’s disease

who is more likely to get Grave’s disease

> 30 YO women, autoimmune

How are hormone levels are effected w/Grave’s disease

F3, T4 are high; TSH is low

what pathology is from viral infection of thyroid

subacute thyroiditis (de quervain’s ) - may have decreased vascularity

what thyroid pathology is from an autoimmune issue

hashimoto’s - increased vascularity

what is most common form of thyroiditis

hashimoto’s

what are labs of hashimoto’s

low T3, T4 ; high TSH

what is benign congenital abnormality usually found in kids

thyroglossal duct cyst - from