Week 2 - Parts of cell, Plasma membrane, Solutions, Organelles

Cells are the

basic unit of life

cells vary by _______

type, structure, and function

Parts of a cell

• plasma membrane

• cytoplasm

• organelles

• cytosol

• nucleus

Phospholipid bilayer is made up of _____ molecules

phospholipid

The heads are _______ and the tails are ________

hydrophillic; hydrophobic

Proteins in and around the lipid bilayer form ________

ion channels, carry substances through the membrane, and act as receptors

The plasma membrane is ______

semi-permeable

Two types of transport

• passive transport

• active transport

What kind of transport uses oxygen?

Active transport

Isotonic

stays the same (balanced)

Hypertonic

lots of water inside the cell, so cell shrinks

Hypotonic

lots of water outside the cell, so cell gets fat (hypo=hippo)

Organelles perform :

essential cellular functions

Cytoskeleton consists of :

proteins called microfilaments and microtoubles that support the cell

Centrosome has :

centrioles and pericentriolar material that are needed for cell division

Endoplasmic Reticulum :

a folded membrane network that synthesizes proteins and other substances

which ER has ribisomes

rough ER

Gogli Complex :

proteins produced in the ER are processed in a set of membrane sacs (golgi) before being release

Lysosomes :

capsules inside the cell that have digestive enzymes (break down substances consumed by the cell or to recycle waste)

Peroxisomes :

process and neutralize toxins, metabolize long chain fatty acids, and contribute to energy production

Nucleus :

largest organelle and it contains the cells genetic information encoded in the molecyles of DNA

Mitochondria :

use oxygen taken in by the cell to produce ATP

ribosomes

produced by the nucleolus, they synthesize proteins