Scientific Advancements and Societal Impact

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the lecture, including significant figures, medical advances, and societal changes that occurred during the periods of the Scientific Revolution and Industrial Revolution.

Inquisition

A formal investigation or trial led by the Catholic Church to suppress heresy and punish opposition to Church teachings.

Medical Pluralism

The coexistence of multiple medical systems or practices that provide different interpretations and treatments for health conditions.

Galileo Galilei

An Italian astronomer and physicist who was tried by the Inquisition for advocating the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Rene Descartes

A French philosopher and mathematician who contributed to modern philosophy and science, and was cautious about presenting his ideas due to fear of persecution.

Protestant Revolution

Religious reform movement that led to the establishment of Protestantism and significant changes in societal norms including freedom of thought.

Malthusian Theory

An economic theory posited by Thomas Malthus that suggests population growth will always outstrip food supply leading to famine and poverty.

Public Health

Policies and measures aimed at preventing disease, promoting health, and prolonging life among the population.

Infant Mortality Rate

The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.

Quarantine

A strict isolation imposed to prevent the spread of disease.

Blood Transfusion

The process of transferring blood or blood products into one's circulation, a significant medical advancement.

Scientific Revolution

A period of great advancements in scientific thought and exploration, leading to fundamental changes in understanding of the natural world.

Digitalis

A medication derived from the foxglove plant used to treat heart conditions by affecting the force and rate of heart contractions.

Hydraulic System

A system that uses fluid mechanics for various processes, contributing to the understanding of blood circulation.

Oxygen

A chemical element essential for respiration in most living organisms, discovered to be a key component of air by Antoine Lavoisier.

Periodic Table of Elements

A tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized by increasing atomic number and grouped by similar properties.

Rickets

A disease caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to weakening of bones, primarily affecting children.

Animal Experimentation

The use of non-human animals in experiments to study biological processes and develop medical treatments.

Microscope

An optical instrument used to magnify small objects, revolutionizing the study of cells and microorganisms.

Controlled Experiment

An experiment in which all variables are kept constant except for one, allowing for a fair test of a hypothesis.

Augmented Reality

An interactive experience where real-world objects are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information.

Epidemiology

The branch of medical science that studies the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases in populations.

Cirrhosis of the Liver

Severe scarring of the liver often caused by long-term liver damage, frequently linked to alcohol misuse.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that significantly transformed economies and societies.

Public Venereal Disease Hospital

A healthcare facility established to treat sexually transmitted infections, highlighting shifts in public health policies.

Gastric Acid

Acidic fluid produced in the stomach that aids in digestion, discovered to be crucial by later medical investigations.

Major Depressive Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest, significantly affecting daily functioning.