Pretest: Chapter 2 - Molecules, Bonds, and Chemical Reactions

A molecule forms when two or more atoms combine, while a compound specifically consists of two or more different elements bound together.

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes a molecule from a compound?

An energy relationship involving interactions between the electrons of reacting atoms.

A chemical bond is best described as:

Ionic bond

What type of bond is formed when one atom completely transfers one or more valence electrons to another atom?

Cation with a net positive charge

When a sodium atom (Na+) loses its single valence electron to a chlorine atom (Cl-), the resulting sodium particle is classified as a(n):

By sharing pairs of valence electrons, participating atoms fill their outer shells.

How do covalent bonds achieve atomic stability?

Hydrogen bond

Which type of chemical bond is responsible for creating surface tension in water and stabilizing three-dimensional protein structures?

Synthesis reaction

Which general pattern of chemical reaction can be represented by the formula:

A + B = AB

Larger, complex molecules are broken down into smaller, simpler atoms or molecules.

What occurs during a decomposition reaction within biological systems?

Exchange reaction

The reaction AB+CD = AD+CB represents which pattern of chemical reaction?

Adding a catalyst or biological enzyme

Which factor generally increases the rate of a chemical reaction