Chemistry A Exam Review
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28 Terms
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mass number =
number of protons + number of nuetrons
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number of protons is called
atomic number (found on periodic table)
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when writing chemical formulas
it will be correct if the charges balance to zero (Example: Copper(I) Chloride is CuCl because Copper (I) has a charge of 1+ and Chloride has a charge of 1-)
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For covalent compounds
\-A compund with NO metals
\-The prefix determines the subscript in the formula
\-Add “ide” to the ending of the second element
\-(Example: P3O6 = Triphosphorus Heoxide)
\-The prefix determines the subscript in the formula
\-Add “ide” to the ending of the second element
\-(Example: P3O6 = Triphosphorus Heoxide)
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Prefixes for covalent compounds
\-The prefix determines the amount of atoms present
\-Mono: 1
\-Di: 2
\-Tri: 3
\-Tetra: 4
\-Penta: 5
\-Hexa: 6
\-Hepta: 7
\-Octa: 8
\*\*NOTE: Never use “mono” with the FIRST element
\*\*NOTE: Avoid having two vowels in a row by dropping the vowel from the prefix, HOWEVER, never drop “i” from di or tri.
\-Mono: 1
\-Di: 2
\-Tri: 3
\-Tetra: 4
\-Penta: 5
\-Hexa: 6
\-Hepta: 7
\-Octa: 8
\*\*NOTE: Never use “mono” with the FIRST element
\*\*NOTE: Avoid having two vowels in a row by dropping the vowel from the prefix, HOWEVER, never drop “i” from di or tri.
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What’s a scientific hypothesis?
A possible explination for an observation
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Heterogeneous Mixture
\-DOES NOT look the same throughout (hint: hetero relatoships are a dude and a girl, different genders)
\-It’s contents AREN’T evenly distributed
\-It’s contents AREN’T evenly distributed
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Examples of heterogeneous mixtures
Salad, Trail Mix
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Homogeneous Mixture
\-DOES look the same throughout (Hint: homo reationships are 2 of the same gender)
\-Its contents ARE evenly distributed
\-Its contents ARE evenly distributed
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examples of homogeneous mixtures
Vinigar, Gasoline, Miscible liquids (liquids that can be mixed wthout separating/ ispropyl alchohol & water)
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Physical changes
something that effects only the phyical properties of a substance, the substance is still the same after the change
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examples of physical changes
dissolving, breaking, cutting, melting/freezing/boiling (changing state)
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chemical changes
when one or more substances are completly changed into a new substance with different properties
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Examples of chemical changes
rusting, burning, rotting, tarnishing
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metalliods
\-Share properties with metals and non metals
\-can conduct electrcity under some conditions
\-found on stair step of periodic table
\-can conduct electrcity under some conditions
\-found on stair step of periodic table
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metals
\-shiny
\-ductile (wires)
\-malleable (hammer into different shapes)
\-good conductors of heat and electricty
\-found on left side of periodic table
\-ductile (wires)
\-malleable (hammer into different shapes)
\-good conductors of heat and electricty
\-found on left side of periodic table
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nonmetals
\-not shiny
\-not ductile
\-not malleable
\-poor conductors of heat and electricty
\-mainly gases
\-found on right side of periodic table
\-not ductile
\-not malleable
\-poor conductors of heat and electricty
\-mainly gases
\-found on right side of periodic table
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the nucleus of an atom
\-very small compared to the overall size
\-has almost all the mass of an atom
\-positivly charged
\-dense
\-has almost all the mass of an atom
\-positivly charged
\-dense
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isotopes
two atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of nuetrons
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cation
positive ion
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anion
negative ion
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chemical compounds
atoms of one element combine with atoms of other elements
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what are some signs that a chemical reaction has occured?
color change, solid (percipitate) forms, bubbles form, heat or flame is produced or absorbed
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synthesis
when 2 reactants turn into one product
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decomposition
when one reactant turns into two products
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combustion
when CO2 and H20 are the produts
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single displacement
when only one element is switched in the products
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double displacement
when both sets elements are switched in the products