Gastrointestinal System Practice

Peristalsis

Involuntary constriction and relaxation (creates wave like movement to push food down esophagus)

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Separates the esophagus from the stomach (AT THE TOP)

Pyloric Sphincter

Separates the stomach from the small intestine (AT THE BOTTOM)

Duodenum

Shortest segment of small intestin

Jejunum

Middle Segment of small intestine

Ileum

Final segment of small intestine

Liver

Creates bile to help with breakdown of lipids in small intestine

Gallbladder

Store bile produced by the liver

Pancreas

Produces pancreatic juices to help neutralize chyme

Gastrin

Function: Tells the stomach to make acid (HCl) and pepsin for digestion
Location: Found in G cells of the stomach 

Cholecystokinin

Function: Helps break down fat and protein; makes the gallbladder release bile
Location: Found in the I cells of the duodenum and jejunum

Secretin

Function: Keeps stomach acid under control and tells the pancreas to make bicarbonate (to neutralize acid)
Location: Found in the S cells of the duodenum

Insulin

Function: Lowers blood sugar by storing glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles
Location: Found in the beta cells of pancreas

Glucagon

Function: Raises blood sugar when its low
Location: Found in the alpha cells of pancreas

Bile

Function: Emulsifies fats
Location: Produced by liver stored in gallbladder