Interior structures, cytoplasm, and motility

what are cell inclusions

energy reserves

what are some energy reserves

• Poly-B-Hydroxyalkanoates

• Sulfur storage

• Phosphate storage

characteristics of gas vesicles

• holds gas

• impermeable membrane to water

• permeable membrane to gas

• controls buoyancy

characteristics of magnetotactic

• orient cell in a magnetic field

• magnetotaxis

characteristic of endospores

• dormant cells

• resistant to heat, radiation, chemical exposure, drying, and lack of nutrients

• disperse via wind, water, or animal gut

• present in some gram+ bacteria

Terminal endospores

subterminal endospores

central endospores

The life cycle of an endospore

is there a difference between endospores and vegetative cells

yes

characteristics of the cytoplasm

• small molecules: metabolites and enzymes

• ribosomes: make proteins

• DNA, all forms of RNA

types of motility

• flagellar

• gliding

• twitching

• gas vesicle

Peritrichous flagella

runs and tumbles

Monotrichous flagella

Lophotrichous flagella

characteristics of flagellum in gram- bacteria

• Mot proteins to generate torque

• energy form proton motive force

Archaella flagellum

• thinner

• different proteins than bacterial flagellum

• slower

• powered by ATP

characteristics of Twitching motility

• requires type IV pili

• extend from one cell end, attach to surface, retract to pull cell forward

characteristics of Gliding motility

• smooth and continuous motion along long axis

• helical intracellular protein track gliding motors and adhesion proteins

different taxis

• chemotaxis: response to chemicals

• phototaxis: response to light

• osmotaxis: response to ionic strength

• hydrotaxis: response to water

• areotaxis: response to oxygen

chemotaxis in a peritrichously flagellated bacteria

• no attractant present: random movement

• attractant present: directed movement