apply concepts underlying Mendel's laws of inheritance (TEAS 7)

inheritance

transmission of characteristics of offspring

Punnett Square

a square diagram used to determine the various genotype combinations that may be passed from parent to offspring and their likelihood of occurring

mendelian inheritance

inheritance of traits that follow Gregor Mendel's two laws and principle of dominance.

allele

a specific copy of a gene

dominant

refers to the most powerful trait of the allele for the trait

recessive

refers to traits that are masked if dominant alleles are also present; also refers to the allele for that trait

Mendel's Law of Heredity

1st law (Segregation)- half of the alleles are contributed by each parent.

2nd law (Independent assortment)- traits are passed on randomly and are not influenced by other traits

genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

homozygous

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

phenotype

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.

F1 generation (first filial generation)

The first filial, hybrid (heterozygous) offspring arising from a parental (P generation) cross.

F2 generation

Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.

Results of a Punnett square holds true

if the parental genes for a trait must segregate or separate equally and randomly into haploid gametes (sperm or eggs) during meiosis.

dihybrid cross

a cross between parents heterozygous at two specific genes.

non-mendelian inheritance

inheritance of traits that do not follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance

YOUTUBE

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