5. Brain Injury and Brain Plasticity

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16 Terms

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Neuroplasticity
The ability of the brain and other parts of the nervous system to change in response to experience.
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Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)
Brain damage that occurs after birth due to events such as trauma, infection, or lack of oxygen.
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Experience-Expectant Plasticity
Brain change that occurs in response to environmental experience that is ordinarily expected and occurs during critical periods of development.
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Experience-Dependent Plasticity
Brain change that modifies its neuronal structure based on unique experiences that may occur at any time in life.
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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
A progressive brain degeneration condition resulting from repeated head trauma, often associated with contact sports.
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Aphasia
A language disorder caused by an acquired brain injury affecting language production or processing.
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Broca's Aphasia
A type of aphasia characterized by difficulty in speech production, leading to short, effortful sentences with omitted small parts of speech.
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Wernicke’s Aphasia
A type of aphasia where the individual can speak fluently but produces nonsensical language and has difficulty understanding speech.
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Neurogenesis
The process of producing new neurons in the brain, which can occur throughout life.
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Traumatic Brain Injury
A type of acquired brain injury caused by external force leading to damage in the brain.
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Stroke
A medical emergency occurring when blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted, causing brain tissue damage.
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Ischemic Stroke
A type of stroke caused by a blockage in an artery supplying blood to the brain.
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Hemorrhagic Stroke
A type of stroke caused by a blood vessel bursting and bleeding into or around the brain.
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Symptoms of Stroke
Facial weakness, arm weakness, difficulty with speech, and may include dizziness and loss of coordination.
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Motor Cortex
The area of the brain responsible for planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements.
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Synapse
The junction where one neuron communicates with another by transmitting neural signals.