Chem Chapter 8 review

Solution

homogenous mixture of two substances (solute and solvent)

solute

dissolved in solvent

aqueous solution

water acts as the solvent

diluted solution

little solute more solvent

concentrated solution

lots of solute little solvent

concentration formula

concentration = solute(mass,moles,vol)/solvent or solution (mass, moles, volume)

concentration is also express in what?

molarity

molarity

amount of solute (in mol) per liter of solution

M= amount of solute (mol)/ vol of solution (L)

dilution formula

M1V1=M2V2

nonelectrolytes

do not conduct electricity

organic compounds

molecules stay intact in solution

ex: C6H12O6 + H2O —> C6H12O6

electrolytes

conduct electricity

often ionic compounds

produce cations and anions in water solution

ex: NaCl —> Na+ + Cl-

strong electrolytes

completely ionize in water solution

only cations and anions present in solution

weak electrolytes

partially ionize in water

molecules, cations, and anions in solution

precipitation reactions occur when?

cations and anions in an aqueous solution for to create an insoluble ionic solid called a precipitate

Arrhenius definition

an acid is a molecular compound that dissociates in water to generate H+ or H3O+ ions

polyprotic acids

contain more than one acidic hydrogen

acid-base reactions (neutralization)

acid and base react and neutralize each other

what does neutralization produce

water

titration

a quantitative chemical analysis method used to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution by reacting it with a reagent of known concentration.

equivalence point

the point in a titration at which the amount of titrant added is exactly enough to completely neutralize the analyte solution.