Anatomy and Physiology: Bone Tissue and Skeletal System

Flashcards covering vocabulary terms and definitions related to the skeletal system and bone physiology.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus), hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)

Cranium

Bones that protect the brain from non-traumatic injury.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation, primarily occurring in red marrow.

Osteogenic cells

Undifferentiated cells that develop into osteoblasts.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that lay down bone matrix and collagen fibers.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells responsible for remodeling and releasing calcium.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs.

Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs.

Compact Bone

Bone tissue characterized by concentric layers (lamellae), osteocytes, and central canals.

Spongy Bone

Bone tissue composed of trabeculae that contain osteocytes and is filled with red marrow.

Intramembranous ossification

The process where bone develops from mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue).

Endochondral ossification

The process where bone replaces hyaline cartilage; applicable to most bones.

Epiphyseal Plate

The area of growing tissue near the ends of the long bones in children and adolescents.

Bone Remodeling

The process of renewing and reshaping bone tissue, influenced by mechanical stress, hormones, and diet.

Calcium Homeostasis

The regulation of calcium levels in the blood; involves parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by decreased bone density, leading to an increased risk of fractures.

Fracture Repair

The process of healing a bone fracture through hematoma formation, callus formation, and remodeling.