PHMY 615: GLYCOLYSIS PATHWAY

1. Glucose ---> Glucose 6-phosphate

Enzyme: Hexokinase

- ATP to ADP (phosphate transfer)

- IRREVERSIBLE

- (S1)

2. Glucose 6-phosphate <---> Fructose 6-phosphate

Enzyme: phosphoglucose isomerase

- In Equilibrium

- (S1)

3. Fructose 6-phosphate ---> Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate

Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase

- ATP to ADP (phosphate transfer)

- IRREVERSIBLE

- (S1)

4. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate <---> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Enzyme: Aldolase

- (G3P is what is used to go further in glycolysis)

- REVERSIBLE

- (S1)

5. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate <---> Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

"Enzyme": Triose phosphate isomerase

- isomerase allows DAP to be converted into G3P so cycle runs TWICE

- (S1)

6. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate --> 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

Enzyme: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Pi, NAD+ to NADH

- wants to get rid of phosphates since its very EN and crowded with (-)

- in equilibirum

- (S2)

7. 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate ---> 3-Phosphoglycerate

Enzyme: phosphoglycerate kinase

- ADP to ATP

- in equilibrium

- (S2)

8. 3-Phosphoglycerate ---> 2-Phosphoglycerate

Enzyme: phosphoglycerate mutase

- rearranging step

- in equilibrium

- (S2)

9. 2-Phosphoglycerate ---> Phosphoenolpyruvate

Enzyme: enolase

- H20 transported OUT

- in equilibrium

- (S2)

10. Phosphoenolpyruvate ---> Pyruvate

Enzyme: pyruvate kinase

- ADP to ATP

- IRREVERSIBLE

- (S2)

Stage 1 is considered the _____________ phase of glycolysis

energy investment

Stage 2 is considered the _____________ phase of glycolysis

energy pay off

What two steps of glycolysis COST ATP?

- Glucose to Glucose 6-phosphate

- Fructose 6-phosphate to Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate

What two steps of glycolysis GAIN ATP?

- 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate to 3-Phosphoglycerate

- Phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate