Schema Theory

What are schemas in cognitive psychology?

Cognitive frameworks used to organize knowledge, assist recall, guide behavior, predict likely happenings, and help make sense of experiences.

How do schemas influence our perception of reality?

Schemas simplify reality by setting expectations about what is probably true in particular social and textual contexts.

What are scripts in the context of schemas?

Schemas about events in time rather than schemas for objects.

What emotional responses can occur when events don't follow our scripts?

Frustration, anger, disappointment, or confusion.

What is leveling in the context of memory schemas?

The process of omitting information from memory due to the belief that it is unimportant.

Define sharpening in terms of memory recall.

The process of changing or updating memories to make them more coherent.

What does assimilation mean in relation to schemas?

The process of adapting memories to fit into pre-existing schemas.

What does the TEA CUP evaluation stand for?

Testable, Empirical Evidence, Applications, Construct Validity, Unbiased, Predictive Validity.

Why is the schema theory considered testable?

It has been supported by studies conducted by researchers like Bartlett and Brewer and Treyens.

What empirical evidence is considered for schema theory?

Biological research to support the way in which the brain categorises input

What applications does schema theory have in psychology?

It helps us understand memory processes and memory distortion.

What is a criticism of the schema theory related to construct validity?

Cohen argued that schemas are too vague and hypothetical to be useful.

Is schema theory considered unbiased?

It is applied across cultures; however, early research predominantly came from Western contexts.

What is a limitation of the predictive validity of schema theory?

While it helps predict behavior, it cannot precisely predict what an individual will recall.