cis 310 ip addressing

mac address

first 24 bits are known as the OUI (organizationally unique identifier) or manufacturer ID, last 24 bits make up the extension identifier or device ID very unique 

ip address 

link together individual  networks (local networks) to internetworks (networks other your local network), deliver packets from source to destination across multiple links (networks) 

static ip

assigned manually by the network administrator

dynamic ip

automatically assigned by a DHCP server

gateway

device that nodes use for access to the outside world, the places where two or more networks connect

subnet

a subdivision of an IP network, created by dividing an IP address range using a subnet mask, allows devices within the same subnet to communicate with each other directly, while communication with devices in other subnets goes through router

subnet mask

used to indicate what portion of an IP address is the network portion (network ID) and what part is the host portion (host ID) default subnet mask is 255

subnet classes 

a,b,c,d,e

public IP addresses

class a,b,c

class a network octets

1-126

class b network octets 

128-191.255

class c network octets 

192-223.255.255

private ip addresses

10.0.0 through 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0. Through 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255
Class D not available for public use octets begin with 224-239 for
Class E not available for public use octets begin with 240-254 

DNS Server

domain name system server, responsible for tracking computer names and their IP addresses

DHCP Server

dynamic host configuration protocol, a standardized network protocol used on internet protocol network for dynamically distributing network configuration parameters, such as IP addresses for interfaces and services

IPv4

32 bit address organized into four groups of 8 bits each, can be any number from 0 to 255

IPv6

128 bits address written as eight block of hexadecimal numbers separated by (:), each block is 16 bits, the first 48 bits are the site prefix, subsequent 16 bit block is your subnet ID, the last 64 bits form the interface ID

IPv4 format example 

72.56.105.12

NAT

Network Address Translation, a technique designed to conserve public IP addresses needed by a network

SNAT

Static gateway assigns the same public IP address to a host each time it makes a request to access the internet

DNAT

Dynamic gateway has a pool of public address that is free to assign to a local host when it makes a request to access the Internet

Routing

moving data across a series of interconnected networks

Routers

device that forwards data packets along networks, located at gateways