ap human geography unit 3 vocab

Custom

the frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act

Folk Culture

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups

Habit

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual

Popular Culture

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

Taboo

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom

Terrior

The contribution of a location's distinctive physical features to the way food tastes

Creole (creolized language)

A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of other people being dominated

Denglish

A combination of German and English

Dialect

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation

Ebonics

A dialect spoken by some African Americans

Extinct Language

A language that was once used by people in daiy activities but is no longer used

Franglais

A term used by the French for English words that have entered the French language, a combination of francais and anglais

Isogloss

A boundary that separates regions in which different language usage predominates

Isolated Language

A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family

Language

A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning

Language Branch

A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years a go. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families and archaeological can confirm theat the branches derived from the same family

Language Family

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history

Language Group

a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary

Official Language

Languagespokenwithinapoliticalregionformallysanctionedbythegovermnent

Lingua Franca

A language mutually understood and commonly used in tradeby people who have different native languages

Literary Tradition

A labguage that is written as well as spoken

Logogram

A symbol that represents a word rather than a sound

Pidgin Language

A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca: used for communications among speakers of two different languages

Received Pronunciation

The dialect of English associated with upper-class Britons living in London and now considered standard in the United Kingdom

Spanglish

A combination of Spanish and English spoken by Hispanic Americans

Standard Language

The form of language used for official government business, education, and mass communications

Vulgar Latin

A form of Latin used in daily conversation by Ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documents

Agnosticism

Belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists

Animism

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life

Atheism

Belief that God does not exist

Autonomous Religion

A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally

Branch

A large and fundamental division within a religion

Caste

The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned, according to religious law

Cosmogony

A set of religious beliefs concerning the origins of the universe

Denomination

A division of a branch that unite s a number of local congregations into a single legal and administrative body

Ethnic Religion

A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principals are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated

Fundamentalism

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principals of a religion (or religious branch, denomination, or sect)

Ghetto

During the middle ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews, now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure

Hierarchical Religion

A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control

Missionary

An individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion

Monotheism

The doctrine or belief in the existence of only one god

Pagan

A follower of a polytheistic religion

Pilgrammage

A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes

Polytheism

Belief in or worship of more than one god

Sect

A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination

Solstice

An astronomical event that happens twice a year resulting in the tilt of the earth and its relationship with the sun leading to the longest and or shortest day of the year

Syncretic

A religion that combines several religions

Universalizing Religion

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location

Apartheid

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas

Balkanization

A process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

Balkanized

Descriptive of a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex long-standing antagonisms toward each other

Blockbusting

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood

Centripedal Force

An attitude that tends to unify people and engance support for a state

Ethnic Cleansing

A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region

Ethnicity

Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions

Genocide

The mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence

Nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

Nationalilty

Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there

Race

Identity with a group of people descended from a biological ancestor

Racism

Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce and inherent superiority of a particular race

Racist

A person who subscribe to the beliefs of racism

Sharecropper

A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over a share of the crops to the landowner

Triangular Slave Trade

A practice primarily during the 18th Century in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa