Chapter 15: Nutrition for Diabetes Mellitus

At a routine physical examination, a 50-year-old man has a fasting blood glucose level of 160 mg/dL. The next step in diagnosis and treatment would be

rechecking fasting blood glucose level

If a patient with type 2 diabetes shows early signs of kidney disease, the first priority in nutrition management is

normalizing blood glucose levels

If a patient with type 1 diabetes is unable to maintain good blood glucose control through insulin injections, the physician may recommend

using an insulin pump

If a 15-year-old student who runs cross-country and long-distance track events starts to lose weight and is continually thirsty and hungry, he or she may have

type 1 diabetes

The cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus is

destruction of pancreatic beta cells

The two strongest risk factors for type 2 diabetes are

obesity and family history

If a patient with type 2 diabetes wants to lose weight, the preferred choice of medication would be

metformin

If members of an overweight family wants to reduce their risk for type 2 diabetes, the most helpful nutritional change they could make would be to

decrease their portion sizes at meals and snacks

In a patient with type 2 diabetes, a glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1c) level of 7.9% would be considered

indicative of poor blood glucose control

The person who would be most likely to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus is a(n)

overweight native american woman

If someone using intensive insulin therapy with multiple injections daily wanted to celebrate his or her birthday and enjoy a slice of birthday cake, he or she would

use an extra dose of short- or rapid-acting insulin

If a patient with diabetes mellitus checks blood glucose level before going for a 2-mile run

and it is 90 mg/dL, he or she should

eat carbohydrate-containing food before exercising.

To prevent hypoglycemia after exercise, patients with type 1 diabetes should

increase their intake of carbohydrate-based foods

The best strategy for a patient with type 2 diabetes to use to maintain good metabolic control

is to

space their meals evenly throughout the day.

Glycosylated hemoglobin level is used to indicate

overall blood glucose control over several weeks

A young man with type 1 diabetes runs 3 miles, falls asleep on the sofa, and forgets to eat his next meal. He is likely to experience

hypoglycemia

An individual with a blood glucose level of 65 mg/dL would have

hypoglycemia

Diabetic ketoacidosis may occur in a patient with type 1 diabetes who

goes away for the weekend and forgets to take his or her insulin

If a woman is brought into the emergency room with nausea, weakness, and fruity-smelling

breath, the test you would perform first is

blood glucose measurement

If someone with type 1 diabetes has nausea and vomiting, weakness, and fatigue, as well as

excessive hunger and thirst, but does not have a fruity or acetone odor on his or her breath, he or she may have

hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS).

If a young man with type 1 diabetes wants to eat cake for dessert after a meal of roast chicken,

mashed potatoes, gravy, green beans, and dinner rolls, he should eat

fewer potatoes, fewer rolls, or fewer of both.

Patients with type 1 diabetes should be taught to regulate the _____ in meals and snacks.

total amount of carbohydrates

An example of a good after-workout snack for someone with type 1 diabetes is

skim milk

If a patient with diabetes complains that he or she is experiencing diarrhea on a regular basis, the nurse should ask about

whether the patient uses sugar-free gum

Patients with diabetes are most likely to maintain good glycemic control successfully if their

prescribed meal plan

is based on the patient’s usual eating habits

If a young woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus is in a car accident and breaks several bones,

she is likely to need

more insulin than usual

If a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a fever and no appetite, he or she should consume

liquid or soft sources of carbohydrates

Eating plans for patients with diabetes mellitus and gastroparesis should include

six small meals daily

A pregnant woman is most likely to develop gestational diabetes during her pregnancy if she

is overweight and has a family history of type 2 diabetes

For women with type 1 diabetes, good metabolic control is especially important at the time of

conception and during the first trimester to prevent

fetal malformations