carl rogers

Koch series

His work is fully expressed in client-centered therapy and (blank)

person centered theory

Initially called “nondirective”, later “client-centered”, “(blank)”

Formative tendency

•Tendency for all matter to evolve from simpler to complex

Examples: galaxies, snowflakes, organisms, consciousness

Actualizing tendency

Tendency to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials

Maintenance

is similar to the lower steps on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. It includes such basic needs as food, air, and safety; but it also includes the tendency to resist change and to seek the status quo

Enhancement

This need to become more, to develop, and to achieve growth

congruence, empathy, unconditional positive regard

Requires relationships with (blank). These three are necessary and sufficient conditions for becoming a fully functioning person

Self

begins to develop when experience becomes personalized and differentiated in awareness as “I” or “me”

Self actualization

tendency to actualize the self as perceived in awareness

Self concept, ideal self

Two self subsystems

Self concept

includes all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately) by the individual.

Ideal self

•Defined as one’s view of self as one wishes to be

•Contains positive attributes people aspire to

Awareness

•Defined as “symbolic representation of some portion of our experience”

•Synonymous with consciousness and symbolization

ignored or denied

•Below the threshold of awareness (blank)

E.g., walking down a busy street, hidden resentment

Accurately symbolized

E.g., pianist accepting compliment from trusted friend

Distorted form

•E.g., pianist distrusts compliment from a competitor

•Example: a child thinking a parent is angry with them, when the parent is actually just stressed from work

Contact

Becoming a person begins with (blank)

Positive regard

the person develops a need to be loved, liked, or accepted by another person, a need that Rogers referred to as (blank)

positive self-regard

Positive regard leads to (blank) defined as the experience of prizing or valuing one’s self.

Conditions of worth

Instead of receiving unconditional positive regard, most people receive (blank); that is, they perceive that their parents, peers, or partners love and accept them only if they meet those people’s expectations and approval

external evaluations

Our perceptions of other people’s view of us are called (blank). These evaluations, whether positive or negative, do not foster psychological health but, rather, prevent us from being completely open to our own experiences.

Incongruence

• discrepancy between self-concept and organismic experience

•Results in psychological disorders

•refers to a mismatch or disconnect between a person's self-concept (how they see themselves) and their actual experience (what is really happening in their life or how they actually feel).

Vulnerability

Exists when people are unaware of their incongruence

Anxiety and threat

•are experienced as we gain awareness of such an incongruence.

•Can be a step toward psychological health because they signal to us that our organismic experience is inconsistent with our self-concept

Anxiety, Threat

(blank) = a state of uneasiness or tension whose cause is unknown

(blank) = awareness that self is no longer congruent

Defensiveness

Protects self-concept through denial or distortion

Distortion, Denial

(blank): we misinterpret an experience in order to fit it into some aspect of our self-concept.

(blank): refusal to perceive experience in awareness

Disorganization

•Occurs when defenses fail

•Behavior becomes inconsistent, confused, unpredictable

•Self-concept is shattered

Congruence

organismic experiences matched by awareness and expression

Unconditional positive regard

• Therapist is experiencinga warm, positive and accepting attitude toward what is the client

• Non Possessive warmth.

• Permits autonomy and independence.

• Remains constant regardless of behavior.

Empathy

Means temporarily living in the other’s life, moving about in it delicately without making judgments

Sympathy

(blank): feeling for a client

Empathy: feeling with a client

Stage 1

What stage is this

Unwilling to communicate, rigid, resistant to change, disown feelings

Stage 2

What stage is this

Discuss external events and other people, disown feelings, talk as if objective

Stage 3

What stage is this

Talk about self as object, avoid present feelings, deny responsibility

Stage 4

What stage is this

Talk of deep but past feelings but not present feelings, distort experiences, begin relationship with therapist

Stage 5

What stage is this

Express present feelings, rely on internal locus, appreciate feeling nuances, accept responsibility for their choices

Stage 6, physiological loosening

What stage is this

Dramatic growth, congruent, unconditional self-regard, (blank) (These people experience their whole organismic self, as their muscles relax, tears flow, circulation improves, and physical symptoms disappear.)

Stage 7

What stage is this

Generalize experiences, live in present, they become fully functioning or “persons of tomorrow”, congruent, loving, empathic

More adaptable

Adjust beyond static environments

Open to experience

Symbolize awareness, no denial

Trust in organismic self

Rely on inner feelings, consider others

Existential living

Live fully in the moment, no decits, no facades

Harmonious relations with others

They would feel no need to be liked or loved by everyone, because they would know that they are unconditionally prized and accepted by someone. They would seek intimacy with another person who is probably equally healthy

More integrated

Bridge real self and ideal self, express freely

Basic trust of human nature

They would not harm others merely for personal gain, care

Greater richness in life

Feel deeply, participate in the ongoing moment