Civics H Chapter 1 & 2 Test 8/26/24

What is the Government?

Means by which a society organizes itself and how it allocates authority in order to accomplish collective goods and provide benefits that the society as a whole needs

Government or Politics?

The system in society

Government

Government or Politics?

Gaining control with the purpose of achieving particular goals within the system

Politics

What is Democracy?

A government system in which people govern themselves

What are the founding ideals of our democracy?

Life, liberty, and property

What comes with the freedom to acquire property?

The idea that we are free to work & compete with other businesses as we wish (Capitalism)

Where do our economic systems come from?

The ideas of liberty found in governmental system

What does capitalism rely on?

Individualism

What is capitalism?

People are free to acquire property and are not controlled by the government

What are potential downsides of capitalism?

Wealth gaps and more money = more influential government

What is socialism?

All means of generating wealth are owned and controlled by the government (distributed to citizens)

What are the downsides of socialism?

Less personal freedom

What are private goods?

Goods that are privately owned and can be purchased

What is an example of private goods?

Groceries and car

What are public goods?

Goods that are available without charge

What are examples of public goods?

Library and roads

What are toll goods?

Goods that are available with a price that can also be available as a public good for free

What are examples of toll goods?

School and an attorney/lawyer

Democracy leaves power in whose hands?

The people

What is Direct Democracy?

Every person votes for every law (Ancient Greece)

What is Representative Democracy?

Elect people to make laws

What is Majority Rule?

Will of majority rules in society

What are Minority Rights?

Cannot take freedoms away

What is a Monarchy?

King or queen holds political power

What is Totalitarianism?

One group controls all public and private life (North Korea)

What is Elitism?

A set of elite citizens is in charge of the US. government

What is Pluralism?

Political power rests with competing interest groups who share influence in government (participation from citizens)

What is Liberty?

Individual freedoms/less regulation

What is Order?

Protecting order in society/more regulation

What are government and politics a series of?

Tradeoffs or compromises on various issues to protect liberty and order

What did the colonies call for?

Independence

What made the colonies call for independence?

No representation in government

Who came up with the Natural Rights?

17th Century Philosopher, John Locke

What is the Social Contract?

A contract between the government and the people where we give up a small portion of freedom in exchange for protective

When was the Declaration of Independence signed?

July 4th, 1776

What was the Declaration of Independence?

A list of complaints

What was the priority of the Articles of Confederation?

Protecting freedom

What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

All power was in states, no national army, no ability to tax, no president, and no ability to regulate trade

When was the first Constitutional Convention?

1787 in Philly

What were the major issues of the Constitution?

Smaller states wanted equal representation, while the larger states wanted proportional representation and slavery

What was the Virginia Plan?

Proportional representation

What was the New Jersey Plan?

Equal representation

What is the Great Compromise?

2 chambers of Congress: House of reps (proportional rep) and Senate (2 per state)

What was the 3/5 Compromise?

60% of the slave population of the state counts toward representation

What are the three branches of government?

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial

What does the legislative branch (Congress) do?

Makes laws

What does the executive branch (President) do?

Enforces Laws

What does the judicial branch (Courts) do?

Interpret Laws

What are Checks and Balances?

Power that each branch has to limit the power of the others (no one can be too powerful)

What are Enumerated Powers?

National Government, Ex: Declare War

What are Reserved Powers?

State Government, Ex: Licensing and Marriage

What are Concurrent Powers?

National and State Government, Ex: Taxes

What is the Supremacy Clause?

National government is supreme law of the land

What were the Federalist and Anti-Federalist?

The powers of the national government arose at convention

Who supported the Constitution?

Federalist

What did the Federalist want?

A strong national government, Ex: Federalist Papers

Who opposed the Constitution?

Anti-Federalists

What did the Anti-Federalist want?

Power in states because they thought strong national government would oppress the people

What are the Bill of Rights?

The first 10 Amendments

What did the Bill of Rights talk about?

Freedom