HPH NAT Certification 23 - Final Review Study (copy)

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Types of Vital Signs & Normal Ranges

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Class of 2023 Nurse Aide Training Review

Nursing

53 Terms

1

Types of Vital Signs & Normal Ranges

Temperature: 98.6 F (37 C)

Pulse: 60-100 beats per min

Respirations: 12-20 breaths per min

Blood Pressure: systolic 120 < & diastolic 80 <

O2 sat: 95-100%

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2

What is Intake & Output (I&O)?

Give examples of both.

The measurement of fluid that enters the patient and leaves the patient.

Intake: Water, juice, ice, jello, (anything that melts @ room temp)

Output: urine, vomit, blood, diarrhea, wound drainage

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3

oz → cc’s conversion. How to calculate. Vice versa.

30 ml = 1 oz

1 oz = 30 cc

oz(30) = cc

cc/30 = oz

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4

Patient Positioning

Supine = flat face up

Prone = flat face down

Lateral = side laying

Fowlers = HOB 45-60*

Low-Fowlers = HOB 15-30 *

Semi-Fowlers = HOB 30-45*

High-Fowlers = HOB 90*

Trendelenburg = HOB pointed down, feet of bed facing up

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5

Bed position & care for patients with tube feeding

Position: high fowlers 90 degree angle

Care:

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6

How to give hand & foot care.

Materials: Basin, cuticle stick, towel, file, soap, & water.

Place towel under the limb, clean the dirt out from nails, and file down as needed, then wash off with cloth.

*Nvr cut the nails, only doctors

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7

How to empty a drainage bag & perform foley care.

Empty: Put gloves on, place a towel on the floor, then place graduate on floor, unclip drainage bag and pour into graduate.

*Make sure not to touch the nozzle with the graduate

Foley care: DONOT break seal, dont let any part touch the floor, hang bag on bedframe, clean the cathetor with cloth, do perineal care.

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8

How to assist patient ambulating with cane & walker.

lower bed and lock wheels

apply non skid socks and a transfer belt on pt to help stand

stand on pts weak side

Cane: strong side, when walking make sure cane is atleast 6inches in front before walking

Walker: should be 6inches in front of pt, make sure walker and feet are steady before taking next steps, and never walking before the walking

Crutches: pt weight on hands and arms, not underarm

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9

How long does it take for pressure sores to occur?

S/S of pressure sores.

How to treat pressure sores/prevent pressure sores.

1-2 hours

s/s: pain, itchiness, discoloration of skin (red, purple/blue)

tx: regular repositioning, dressings to heal ulcer, special mattresses.

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10

S/S of abuse. What to do when observing s/s of abuse?

S/S: fear or afraid to be alone, poor self control, withdrawl or apathy, threaten others, alcohol or drug abuse, agitation or anxiety.

Report to the RN

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11

Pros & Cons of using a heating pad.

Pros: pain relief, relieve/ reduce swelling

Cons: only for specific times, if used unproperly it can damage body tissues.

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12

What is anti-embolic or the purpose of using stockings, to prevent what?

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13

What are universal standard precautions?

precautions set to prevent the transmission of pathogens through exposure. (ex: hand hygiene, PPE (gloves, gown, mask, eyewear, face shield)

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14

How to perform hand hygiene?

  • wet hands & apply soap

  • rub hands together for 20 seconds (wrist, palm, nails, fingers, etc)

  • keep hands lower than elbows & fingertips

  • use paper towel to properly dry

*dont touch sick or anything during, before, or after washing hands

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15

What are the different areas of ROM (6)?

ROM to shoulder

ROM to elbow

ROM to wrist

ROM to hip

ROM to knee

ROM to ankle

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16

What are contractions & muscle atrophy?

What steps can the NA do to prevent this?

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17

How to empty an ostomy bag.

  • apply gloves

  • place bed protector under pt

  • expose ostomy site and remove bag & discard properly

  • use gauze to absorb leakage

  • wipe area of stoma with wipes

  • using washcloth & warm water wash the area in one direction away from stoma

  • Rinse & pat dry with a towel

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18

What are two kinds of pans?

How do you position the bed pans for the patient to use?

fracture bedpan: when you have hip surgery

bedpan: if pt cannot get up and use bathroom regularly

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19

How to communicate with hearing impaired or psych patients?

  • get pts attention

  • you & pt are face to face

  • hearing aid is on pt

  • reduce/remove background noises

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20

When do you give patients thickened liquids?

Why are liquids thickened for patients?

Thickened liquids are given to pts who have difficulty swallowing.

They are given to help prevent aspiration.

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21

What does it mean to aspirate?

How to prevent aspirations?

accidental entry of food or foreign object into the trachea

Prevention: elevate HOB, stop feeding, know whos at risk, special diets.

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22

What is ADL’s?

What do ADL’s consist of?

¨Activities of daily living¨

  • *continue

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23

What are transmission based precautions?

What does it consist of?

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24

If a patient c/o Chest Pain, what might that entail?

myocardio infarcation (heart attack)

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25

Military time format.

24 hours

7:00 pm / 1900

7:45 am / 0745

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26

How to communicate with patients who are non-verbal.

make eye-contact, make sure pt sees you, speak loudly/ clearly, body language/gestures.

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27

How to give patients oxygen?

When giving CPR 30:2

But if not in face of an emergency, the NA shall NOT administer oxygen.

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28

What is the purpose of filing a incident report?

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29

When to use a transfer belt?

How to apply a transfer belt?

When: Pt is weak and not able to lift themselves up, when transferring to bed, wheelchair, car, etc

How: place transfer belt over pt gown & around waist, tighten & leave room for a few fingers, belt should not slide, position buckle slightly off centered in front or back

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30

What is syncope?

loss of consciousness for a short period of time

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31

What is dyspnea?

difficulty breathing

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32

How to stop a bleed - Bleeding control.

  1. identify area & apply pressure

  2. call for help

  3. raise wound above the heart

  4. Keep person warm & quiet

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33

What is patient confidentiality?

Define HIPAA & date of establishment.

Purpose of HIPAA?

Patient records and personal information is kept confidential to patient and care team only.

Definition:

HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act of 1996.

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34

What is TB - Tuberculosis?

airborne & develops when a person with a weakened immune system is exposed.

s/s: fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea

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35

How to care for patients with AIDS, what kind of disease is AIDS?

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36

Difference between: Adult day service, hospitals, SNF -- LTC.

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37

Patients limits - can and cannot do.

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38

How to respond to aggressive/combative patient?

How to respond to comatose patients?

How to respond to a patient who is disoriented?

Combative: Step out of way, block blows, allow pt a calm down time, remain calm, lower tone of voice, dont respond to defensive behavior

Comatose:

Disoriented: Call pt by name, eye contact, make sure pt can hear you, ask 1 simple question, repeat questions

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39

How to transport patient into car seat, car, & crib.

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40

How do babies receive nutrients while in the womb?

Through the umbilical cord. Connection between baby and mother, the placenta.

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41

Difference between prenatal & postpartum.

Why do women recieve episiotomies? - How to care for an episiotomy?

Prenatal: Before babies birth; pregnancy.

Postpartum: After baby is born; after birth.

Episiotomy: Surgical incision made under the vagina to prevent tear/rip in vagina from childbirth. Aides in birth.

Care for episiotomy: ice to reduce swelling at the vagina after delivery. Given sits bath to keep vaginal area clean, ease pain, & heal incision.

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42

What are the different colors of discharge & stages?

Lochia: vaginal discharge after childbirth.

Lochia rubra: 1st stage, dark red in color ~4 days long.

Lochia Serosa: 2nd stage, pinkish color ~10 days long (Mostly WBC).

Lochia Alba: 3rd stage, whitish yellow color ~10 days ~14 days.

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43

What is meconium?

Newborns first poop/stool.

Dark, thick, sticky stool.

Babies first poop within few hours after birth.

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44

What is the purpose of the umbilical cord?

Connection between mother and baby during pregnancy.

Contains 3 arteries:

1: Carries food and oxygen from placenta to baby

2 & 3: Carries babies waste to placenta

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45

Different age behaviors.

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46

Caring for patients with different cultural beliefs.

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47

What are six times to wash your hands: intervention

Before & after eating food/serving food, contact with bodily fluids: vomit, saliva/mucus, urine, stool, touching wound, contact with patient.

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48

Different body mechanics & lifting patients.

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49

When do you use and not use transfer belt.

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50

Five incidents to report to nurse.

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51

Four instances when to wear gloves.

Entering and accessing patient, contact with blood, contact with urine, giving a bath.

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52

A.M. & H.S. Care

AM: assist with elimination, wash face & hands, assist with mouth care, assists with hair care, dressing, & shaving

PM: assist with elimination, wash face & hands, back rub, assist with mouth care

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53

What is the APGAR score?

Test performed 1-5 mins after babies birth. Determine how baby is responding out of the womb.

Categories scored on a scale 0-2:

Breathing, heart rate, muscle tone, reflexes, & skin color.

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