Organic mechanisms

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17 Terms

1
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aldehyde/ketone → hydroxynitrile

nucleophillic addition

KCN and dilute HCl (aq)

2
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ketone → alcohol

reduction

NaBH4 (aq)

3
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alcohol → ketone

oxidation of secondary alcohol

4
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alcohol → aldehyde

oxidation of primary alcohol

5
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aldehyde → alcohol

reduction

NaBH4 (aq)

6
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aldehyde → carboxylic acid

oxidation

7
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alkylhydrogensulfate → alcohol

hydrolysis

H2O

regenerates H2SO4

8
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alcohol → alkene

dehydration (elimination)

conc. H2SO4/H3PO4

180oC

9
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alkene→ alcohol

hydration

steam, H3PO4, 300oC

10
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haloalkane → alcohol

nucleophilic substitution

NaOH (aq)

11
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haloalkane → alkene

elimination

ethanolic NaOH, Hot

12
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alkene →haloalkane

electrophilic addition

hydrogen halide

13
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haloalkane → nitrile

nucelophilic substitution

ethanolic KCN

14
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haloalkane → amine

nucleophilic substitution

conc. 2NH3

high pressure

15
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alkene → alkylhydrogensulfates

electrophilic addition

H2SO4

16
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alkene → alkane

electrophilic adittion

H2 (g), Ni

17
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alkanes → haloalkanes

free radical substitutions