Fluid Volume, Balance & Electrolytes

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and definitions related to fluid volume, balance, and electrolytes, important for understanding physiological concepts discussed in the lecture.

Fluid Volume

The amount of water in the body, affecting various physiological processes.

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Fluid outside of cells, including interstitial and intravascular compartments.

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Fluid contained within cells, vital for cellular processes and function.

Active Transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane requiring energy.

Passive Transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Renin

An enzyme released by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure.

Angiotensin II

A hormone that causes vasoconstriction and stimulates aldosterone release.

Aldosterone

A hormone that promotes sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Hyponatremia

A condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood.

Hypernatremia

A condition with elevated sodium levels in the blood.

Diuretics

Medications that promote the excretion of water and electrolytes.

Hypervolemia

An excess of fluid volume in the body.

Hypovolemia

A deficiency in the volume of blood plasma.

Fluid Volume Deficit

Loss of fluid from the body, leading to dehydration.

Fluid Volume Excess

An abnormal increase in fluid volume in the body.

Electrolytes

Minerals in the body fluids that carry an electric charge and are essential for numerous bodily functions.

Chvostek's Sign

A clinical sign of hypocalcemia indicated by facial muscle twitching when tapping the facial nerve.

Trousseau's Sign

A clinical sign of hypocalcemia indicated by carpal spasm when blood flow is restricted to the arm.

Hyperkalemia

An elevated potassium level in the blood.

Hypokalemia

A lower than normal potassium level in the blood.

Hypercalcemia

An elevated calcium level in the blood.

Hypocalcemia

A lower than normal calcium level in the blood.

Hypermagnesemia

An elevated magnesium level in the blood.

Hypomagnesemia

A lower than normal magnesium level in the blood.