ASEAN LIT_LESSON 1

Introduction to Literature

Literature

total of preserved writings/spoken words belonging to a  given language or people.

interprets the meanings of  nature and life (thoughts, emotions/feelings) in words of charm and power, touched with  the personality of the author, in artistic forms of permanent  interests.

expresses significant human experiences.

litera

latin word

means letter or words. 

based on structure

based of content

literary types

prose

narrative form

paragraph/sentence format

non-prose

poetry format

fiction

literature of power

not real/imagination

non-fiction

literature of knowledge

true/reality

literary standards

universality

permanence

artistry

intellectual value

suggestiveness

spiritual value

style

universality

It appeals to everyone regardless of  culture, race, sex, and time which  are considered significant.

Permanence

It endures across time and draws out  the time factor: TIMELINESS,  occurring   at a particular time, and TIMELESSNESS, remaining invariably throughout time.

Artistry

It has an aesthetic appeal to everyone and thus possesses a sense of beauty.

Intellectual Value

It stimulates critical thinking that enriches the mental processes of abstract and reasoning, making man realizes the fundamental truths of life and its nature

Suggestiveness

It unravels and  conjures man’s emotional power to define  symbolism, nuances, implied meanings,  images and message, giving and evoking  visions above and beyond the plane of  ordinary life and experiences.

Spiritual Value

It elevates the spirit and the soul and thus have the power to motivate and inspire, drawn from the suggested morals or lessons of the different literary genres.

Style

It presents peculiar ways on how man sees life as evidenced by the formation of his ideas, forms, structures, and expressions which are marked by their memorable substance.

literary device

refers to the typical structures used by writers in their works to convey his or her message(s) in a simple manner to his or her readers.

have two aspects. They can be treated as either Literary Elements and Literary Techniques.

Literary Elements

have an inherent existence in literary piece and are  extensively employed by writers to develop a literary piece.

Plot

It is the logical sequence of events that develops a story.

Setting

It refers to the time and place in which a story takes place.

Protagonist

good guy

main character

Antagonist

bad guy

It is the character in conflict with the Protagonist

Point of View

The person or entity through whom the reader experiences the story.

Conflict

It is an issue in a narrative around which the whole story revolves.

Mood

A general atmosphere of a narrative.

Tone

The “attitude” of the speaker, narrator as conveyed through the language of the piece

Theme

It is central idea or concept of a story.

literary techniques

structures usually a words or phrases in literary texts that writers employ to achieve not merely artistic ends but also readers a greater understanding and appreciation of their literary works.

SYMBOLISM

It refers in using an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning.

FLASHBACK

tells an interjected scene of the story that takes it back in time from the current point in the story and often used to tell the events that happened before another important event

FLASH FORWARD

tells a scene that takes the narrative to a future time from the current point of the story

CLIFFHANGER

tells and abrupt ending which places the main characters in a perilous situation with no resolution

FORESHADOWING

Important hints that an author drops to prepare the reader for what is to come, and help the reader anticipate the outcome

IMAGERY

the use of figurative language to create visual representations of actions, objects and ideas in our mind in such a way that they appeal to our different senses

TASTE

gustatory imagery

SIGHT

visual imagery

SMELL

olfactory imagery

TOUCH

tactile imagery

HEAR

aural imagery

SIMILE AND METAPHOR

Both compare two distinct objects and draws similarity between them.

difference is that Simile uses “as” or “like” and Metaphor does not

PERSONIFICATION

attribution of human qualities to something that is non-human like objects and animals

HYPERBOLE

deliberate exaggeration of actions and ideas for the sake of emphasis

FEMINISM

literary approach

is often associated with literary pieces written by women that deal with women in the society

involves characters which chide the common gender norms dominated with masculinity

gives an impact to the voice of women

NEW HISTORICISM

literary approach

the cultural context during writing of the piece of  literature

interprets literature for it’s meaning or idea in a particular socio-historical atmosphere

FORMALISM OR NEW CRITICISM

formalists’ interpretation of work of art is formulated by the information and details of the piece itself

rhetorical and logical connections within the writing