International Style

International Style

An architectural style that rose in the 1920's and 30's, served as the early beginnings of what we call today as Modernist architecture

Henry Russell-Hitchcock and Philip Johnson

“International Style” Term coined by ??????? on the International Exhibition of Modern Architecture at the Museum of Modern Art in 1932

a) expression of volume rather than mass

b) balance than preconceived symmetry

c) elimination of applied ornamentation

Three principles:

functionalist approach

important principle: elimination of applied ornamentation?

Characteristics of International Style

● Use of free plan and free facade

● Spirit of functionalism through the honest use of materials in protest to conventional architecture

● Showed concern for the emotional and physical well-being of man especially in new industrial cities through urban planning

free facade

manipulate, more openings, proportional of walls, sense of freedom. Interpenetration of interior and exterior.

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe

Became the director of the Bauhaus School until its disbandment in 1933

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe

Became head of the architecture department of the Illinois Institute of Technology from 1938-1958; became an American citizen in 1944

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe

Made his mark in the U.S. through his acquaintance of post-modernist architect Philip Johnson

Illinois Institute of Technology

Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe Became head of the architecture department of the???

German Pavilion at 1929 Barcelona Exhibition

Commissioned by the German Republic to give "voice to the spirit of the new era"

53 m. X 17 m

German Pavilion Stands on an imposing ?? m. X ?? m. travertine podium with large and small pool each wrapped around by travertine walls; Height of the pavilion is 3.10 meters

3.10 meters

German Pavilion Height of the pavilion is ?????meters

German Pavilion

The free-flowing interior space is anchored by a rectangular roof slab supported by 8 cross-sectional, chromium-plated steel columns

8 cross-sectional, chromium-plated steel columns

German Pavilion at 1929 is a free-flowing interior space is anchored by a rectangular roof slab supported by ???

German Pavilion

With its flat roof supported by columns, the pavilion's internal walls, made of glass and onyx green marble, could be moved around as they did not support the structure; the concept of fluid space with a seamless flow between indoors and outdoors was further explored in other projects he designed for decades to come

Alba

Apart from the "????" statue (depicting that of a dancer) by George Kolbe

Barcelona Chair

in German Pavilion Apart from the "Alba" statue (depicting that of a dancer) by George Kolbe, the pavilion also features furniture designed by Mies Van Der Rohe like the???

Barcelona Chair

designed by Mies Van De Rohe

Tugendhat House, Brno, Czech Republic

Located on a steeply sloping site, this two-storey building is elongated and entered from the top floor at street level

Tugendhat House, Brno, Czech Republic

Its living areas has 30 meters of glass opening to the view outside and could be lowered electrically into the floor

30 meters

Tugendhat House, Brno, Czech Republic Its living areas has ????? meters of glass opening to the view outside and could be lowered electrically into the floor

2 bedroom volumes, garage and chauffeur's suite

Tugendhat House, Brno, Czech Republic Upper level's "open plan" is defined by???????????????(freely arranged volumes like the Bauhaus anchored by the roof slab and the stair's vertical axis

Tugendhat House, Brno, Czech Republic

Upper level's "open plan" is defined by 2 bedroom volumes, garage and chauffeur's suite (freely arranged volumes like the Bauhaus anchored by the roof slab and the stair's vertical axis

● Lower level's "open plan" is defined by free standing walls anchored by rectangular structural system of cross chromed columns

rectangular structural system

Tugendhat House, Brno, Czech Republic Lower level's "open plan" is defined by free standing walls anchored by ??????????of cross chromed columns

residential version of german pavilion

He maximized the slope for the multi-storey building. Walls are translucent at the same time light penetrates. Rationalist architecture. Intergrated design

Bauhaus School

Art college formed when Walter Gropius took over Henry Van De Velde as director of the Weimar Schools for the Arts in 1919

Walter Gropius

who took over Henry Van De Velde as director of the Weimar Schools for the Arts in 1919???

Walter Gropius

new director of the Weimar Schools for the Arts in 1919

Henry Van De Velde

old director of the Weimar Schools for the Arts in 1919

Bauhaus School

Moved to Dessau in 1925 after heavy attack from conservatives

Dessau in 1925

where did Bauhaus School Moved after heavy attack from conservatives

Bauhaus School

The combination of arts and crafts schools reflects Gropius' belief that the architect and artist must also be a craftsman

Deutcher Werkbund in Germany

advocated intelligent design and mass production of goods for the general populace

De Stijl movement in Netherlands

a group of Dutch architects founded by Theo Von Doesburg, advocated pure abstraction, which was also related to Cubism of Pablo Picasso, by reduction of essentials to form and color

Theo Von Doesburg

group of Dutch architects founded by?

schroeder house

- fused together to come up spaces (Gerrit Rietveld)

Red and blue chair

furniture by Gerrit Rietveld)