Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Practice Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts, statistics, laws, and hazard evaluation methods from the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) lecture.

What is the definition of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)?

OSH is the recognition and control of hazards in the workplace that may cause death, disability, injury, sickness, or great discomfort and inefficiency among workers.

What are the core aims and importance of OSH in the workplace?

To promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers; prevent adverse health effects caused by working conditions; adapt workers to their occupational environments; and adapt work to humans.

According to PSA data from the 2017/2018 ISLE, how many occupational accidents and cases of occupational injuries were reported in the Philippines in 2017?

There were $46,283$ occupational accidents and $38,235$ cases of occupational injuries in establishments employing $20$ or more workers.

What was the top cause, agent, and part of body injured in occupational injury cases with workdays lost in the Philippines in 2017?

The top part of body injured was Wrist and Hand ($35.9\%$), the top cause was Stepping on, Striking against or Struck by Objects ($36.3\%$), and the top agent was Machines, Equipment ($26.2\%$).

What were the top 5 occupational diseases in Philippine establishments in 2017 and their respective percentages?

1. Back Pains ($31.3\%$), 2. Essential Hypertension ($15.5\%$), 3. Neck-Shoulder Pains ($11.4\%$), 4. Occupational Asthma ($5.4\%$), and 5. Other Infections ($5.3\%$).

What statistics does the International Labor Organization provide regarding construction site fatalities worldwide?

At least $60,000$ fatalities occur at construction sites annually (1 fatal accident every $10\,\text{minutes}$), accounting for around $17\%$ of all work fatalities ($1$ in every $6$).

What law strengthening compliance with OSH standards was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte on August 21, 2018?

Republic Act No. 11058 (REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11058).

What are the four key local OSH data sources in the Philippines?

1. Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment (ISLE), 2. Work Accidents/Illnesses Report (WAIR) Summary, 3. NSO Household Survey Data, and 4. OSHC Database.

What are the four main roles of a Safety Officer under Section 14 of DOLE DO 198 s18?

1. Oversee overall OSH program management with the OSH committee, 2. Frequently monitor and inspect operations, 3. Assist government inspectors during inspections or accident investigations, and 4. Issue Work Stoppage Orders (WSO) when necessary.

How do Safety Hazards differ from Health Hazards?

Safety hazards cause immediate and violent injury (e.g., cuts, sprains, or broken bones from dangerous machinery), whereas health hazards result in illness with a latency period between exposure and disease (e.g., exposure to chemicals, dusts, gases, or noise).

What does the HIRAC process stand for and what are its three sequential activities?

HIRAC stands for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control. Its three activities are Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control.

In HIRAC, what is the mathematical evaluation formula for Risk?

$$\text{Risk} = \text{Probability (Likelihood) of event} \times \text{Severity of harm}$$

In the Hierarchy of Controls, which control measure is the most effective and which is the least effective?

Elimination/Substitution is the most effective control, while requiring workers to wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the least effective.

According to H. W. Heinrich's Domino Theory, what percentage of accidents are preventable and what causes them?

$98\%$ of accidents are preventable ($88\%$ caused by Unsafe Acts and $10\%$ caused by Unsafe Conditions), while $2\%$ are non-preventable.

What are the values at each level of Heinrich's Safety Pyramid from top to bottom?

1 Fatality, 30 Serious Disabling Injuries, 300 Lost Time Accidents, 30,000 Near Misses/First Aids/Medical Aids/Modified Work/Minor Incidents, and 300,000 Unsafe Conditions and Unsafe Acts (Hazards).

What is the definition of an Unsafe or Unhealthy Act?

A human action that departs from a standard, written job procedure, common practice, safety rule, regulation, or instruction.

What three major human factors contribute to Unsafe Acts?

1. Improper Attitude, 2. Physical Limitations, and 3. Lack of Knowledge or Skills.

What is the definition of an Unsafe Condition?

The physical or chemical property of a material, machine, or environment that may result in injury to a person, damage or destruction to property, and other losses.