Anatomy, Physiology, & Medical Terminology

Integumentary System

the skin

Regulates body temperature

Acts as sensory receptor

Excreted waste from the body through sweat

Absorbs vitamin D & calcium from sunlight

Cardiovascular System

Heart & circulatory system

Delivers blood to all body tissue

Carries nutrients & oxygen to every cell

Removes waste products

Arteries carry oxygen

Veins carry blood back to the heart

Pulmonary vein carries blood to the lungs where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen

Circulatory system

Composed of the heart and blood vessels

Provides cells with nutrients thru blood

Pulmonary circulation is the loop from the heart to the lungs and back again

Systemic circulation sends blood from the heart to all body parts and back again

Lymphatic System

Distributed fluids and nutrients

Rids the body of unnecessary substances through a clear or yellow fluid

“lymph” contains white blood cells, proteins, and fats

Aids immune system in removing and destroying waste, debris, and dead blood cells, pathogens toxins, and cancer cells, drains excess fluids and protein to prevent edema

Filters lymph before it’s returned to the circulatory system

Urinary System

Urethra, bladder, 2 uréteres & 2 kidneys

System produces, stores, and eliminates urine

male & female differs urethra length

L

Endocrine System

Glands that produces and secretes hormones l

Hormones regulate the growth, metabolism, sexual development & function

Thyroid, parathyroid glands, pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal glands, pineal body and the reproductive glands. (Ovaries & testes)

Nervous System

Consists of CNS (central nervous system) & (PNS) peripheral nervous system

Regulates and coordinates body activities

Sends and receives electrical signals carried by nerves

Interprets the info in the brain

CNS is made of the brain and spinal cord

PNS is made of nerves, sense organs, and other neural elements

Reproductive System

reproduction also called genital system

Females: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, & mammary glands

Males: testes, scrotum, penis, vas deferents, & prostate

Digestive system

Mouth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

Responsible for ingesting and digesting good, absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste

Respiratory System

Delivers oxygenated blood to body

Inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide

Warms and moisturizes the air

Filters debris

Pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, oral cavity, trachea, lungs, bronchus, bronchioles, and alveoli

Musculoskeletal System

Gives body form & stability

Enables movement

Bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, and other connective tissue

Connective tissue helps support function of the system & made from elastic fibers and collagen , protein substance

Spine (Vertebral Column)

Strong flexible group of bones that provides structure for the upper body

Protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and serves as an attachment for ribs

Five regions of spine :

1. Cervical

2. Thoracic

3. Lumbar

4. Sacral / sacrum

5. Coccygeal / coccyx

cervical vertebrae

Uppermost of spine

C1-C7

Thoracic Vertebrae

Mid section of the back

T1-T12

Below the cervical & above the lumbar regions

Attached to the 12 pair of ribs (formerly dorsal spine)

Lumbar Vertebrae

Below the thoracic spine

L1-L5

Strongest and largest of spinal bones

Sciatic nerve lies in this area

Sacrum (Sacral Region)

Below the lumber

Lumber spine and above the coccyx

Sacrum is triangle bone with 5 segments (S1-S5)

Forms the back wall of the pelvis and forms joints at the hip bone (sacroiliac joints)

Coccyx (Coccygeal Vertebrae)

Below the sacrum

Tailbone

3-5 separate bones that fuse together

-algia

pain

-blast

embryonic, immature

-cribe

secretion (endocrine)

-emia

Blood condition

-itis

Inflammation

-ylsis

breakdown, separation, destruction

-megaly

enlargement

-meter

measure

-Oma

Tumor/mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-patrimonio

birth, labor

-pathy

disease condition

-plasia

development, growth

-plasm

structure, formation

-pnea

breathing

-ptosis

falling, dropping, prolapse

-rrhagia

bursting forth of blood

-rrhea

discharge, flow

-sclerosis

hardening

-scopy

To view

-stasis

Stopping, controlling

-trophy

development

-centesis

surgical puncture

-ectomy

Removal, resection, excision

-gram

record, process of recording

-graphy

process of recording

-lysis

separation, breakdown, destruction

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhaphy

suture

-scopy

Visual examination

-stomy

Opening

-therapy

Treatment

-Tony

Incision , to cut into

A-, an

Without

ante-

Before

anti

Against

auto-

Self, own

bi-

Two

-Brady

Slow

-con

With

Contra-

Against , opposite

crys-

Painful, difficult

cyan-

Blue

día-

Through, complete

dys-

Painful, difficult, abnormal

ec, ecto-

Out, outside

en, endo-

Inside, within

epi-

upon, above

ex-

Out, out of

hemi-

Half, partial

hyper -

above, excessive

hypo-

Below, deficient

infra-

below

inter-

between

neo-

New

oligo-

scanty, little

pan-

All

Para-

Beside, near

Poly-

many

pre-

Before, in front of

pseudo-

False

sub-

Under

Supra-

Above, beyond

tachy-

Fast

Tetra

Four

Trans-

Across, through

uni-

One

arth

joint

Cephal

Head

Cardi

Heart

Cholecyst

Gall bladder