Confucianism, Daoism, & Legalism

Confucious

born 551 B.C

master of six arts (Ritual Music Archery Charioteering Calligraphy Arithmetic)

loyal to the king

Confucianism

• Based on the teachings of Chinese scholar Confucius

• Born at a time of crisis and violence in China

• Hoped his beliefs and teachings would restore order to society

Philosophy of Confucius

emphasized personal and governmental morality - correctness of social relationships -justice and sincerity

Confucius's principles

based on common Chinese tradition and belief • Believed in: strong family loyalty - ancestor worship - respect of elders by their children and of husbands by their wives

"Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself"

early version of golden rule

Five Key Relationships

1\. RULER - SUBJECT

• 2. FATHER - SON

• 3. HUSBAND - WIFE

• 4. OLDER BROTHER – YOUNGER BROTHER

• 5. FRIEND - FRIEND

Only __ relationship was equal

Friend

Filial Piety

respect for one's parents and ancestors. emphasized in Confucianism

Keju

civil examination

Analects

the collection of writings, sayings and ideas of Confucius

Ren

Virtue of benevolence, charity and humanity.

Yi

Honesty, uprightness.

Zhong

Doing ones best.

Shu

Consideration of others.

Li

Good manners, politeness, ceremony, or worship.

Daoism

perfect harmony comes from government leaving people alone.

Dao

The Way

Daoists believe..

letting nature take its course.

Government rulers would focus more on Dao and not be involved to the point don’t feel governed.

Harmony comes from balance in context of the yin and yang.

Humans are part of nature like anything else.

Yin

negative, passive, feminine, earthly

Yang

positive, active, masculine, heavenly

Te

Awareness of the Tao; It’s the integrity of the person following Tao

Ch’i

Cosmic vital energy that enables beings to survive and links them to the universe a whole. Throughout life humans need to sustain healthy amount of Ch’i.

Practices to maintain Ch’i

\-meditation

\- tai chi

\- breathing

K’ung Fu-tse

life was sour

Buddha

life was bitter

Lao-tse

life was perfect & wonderful

Han Fei

280-233 BCE. lived during warring states period. legalism became philosophy in Qin Dynasty

Legalist Principles

1\. Human nature is naturally selfish.

2\. Intellectualism and literacy is discouraged.

3\. Law is the supreme authority and replaces morality.

4\. The ruler must rule with a strong, punishing hand.

5\. War is the means of strengthening a ruler’s power.

Authoritarian

One who favors the principle that individuals should obey a powerful authority rather than exercise individual freedom.

Shinto

traditional religion of Japan. based on respect for forces of nature and ancestor worship

Kami

divine spirits in nature - thought to control powerful forces of nature

Shinto-Buddhism

introduced to japan from Korea in the 6th Century

• Some Buddhist rituals became Shinto rituals and some Shinto traditions were practiced in Buddhist temples.

• Most “life" events are handled by Shinto and “death" or "afterlife" events are handled by Buddhism