11.2 Fundamental Particles

2 groups: l__ (light) & h__ (heavy; not fundamental particles but are made of q__)

leptons, hadrons, quarks

Leptons
> n__ a__ by s__ n__ f__
> e__ (e-), m__ (μ-), t__ (τ-) all have charge of __e
> each of the above has a n__ (flavours) denoted e.g. v_e
>> these have _ charge, negligible mass

not affected, strong nuclear force, electron, muon, tau, -1, neutrino, 0

Quarks
> make up h__ (a__ a__ by s__ n__ f__)
>> 2 types: b__ (_ quarks) or m__ (_ quark + _ a__)

hadrons, are affected, strong nuclear force, baryons, 3, mesons, 1, 1 antiquark

quark: up ;; symbol: _ ;; charge: __e
quark: a__ ;; symbol: ū ;; charge: __e

u, +2/3, antiup, -2/3

quark: down ;; symbol: _ ;; charge: __e
quark: a__ ;; symbol: d̄ ;; charge: __e

d, -1/3, antidown, +1/3

quark: charm ;; symbol: _ ;; charge: __e
quark: a__ ;; symbol: c̄ ;; charge: __e

c, +2/3, anticharm, -2/3

quark: strange ;; symbol: _ ;; charge: __e
quark: a__ ;; symbol: s̄ ;; charge: __e

s, -1/3, antistrange, +1/3

quark: top ;; symbol: _ ;; charge: __e
quark: a__ ;; symbol: t̄ ;; charge: __e

t, +2/3, antitop, -2/3

quark: bottom ;; symbol: _ ;; charge: __e
quark: a__ ;; symbol: b̄ ;; charge: __e

b, -1/3, antibottom, +1/3

Normal quark charges are either +__ or -__ (antiquarks the opp charge)
Charges of up = top, down = bottom ;; downies are s__ so same charge

+2/3, -1/3, strange

Hadrons (baryons/mesons) have w__ n__ charges total
> antibaryons have _ __
> antimesons have the opp charge of mesons (1 quark + 1 antiquark)

whole number, 3 antiquarks

p & n arent f__ p__, instead are b__ (type of hadron)
> p quarks: __ (as 2/3 + 2/3 + -1/3 = 1e)
> n quarks: __ (as 2/3 + -1/3 + -1/3 = 0e)

fundamental particles, baryons, uud, udd

what is ts

proton

what is ts

neutron

β- decay
> if in nucleus: _ → _ + e- + antineutrino, u__ → u__
> so _ → _ + e- + antineutrino

n, p, udd, uud, d, u

β+ decay
> if in nucleus: _ → _ + e+ + v_e, u__ → u__
> so _ → _ + e+ + v_e

p, n, uud, udd, u, d

The force within protons/neutrons is __ i__

weak interaction