Photosynthesis DAT Booster

What is this reaction?

6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O —→ C₆H₁₂O6 + 6 O₂

Photosynthesis

What defines the purpose of light in the process of photosynthesis?

Light excites electrons to be incorporated in pigment molecules

_____ are large, chlorophyll-containing proteins that are found in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. 

Photosystems

What are the two photosystems used in photosynthesis?

photosystem II (P680) and photosystem I (P700)

Chlorophyll’s structure is a porphyrin ring with an __ ion in the center

Mg

Chlorophyll’s structure is very similar to the structure of heme, except heme is complexed to an __ ion instead of an Mg ion.

Fe

A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast is known as a(n) __________.

Granum

______ are membrane-bound spaces in the chloroplast where only light-dependent reactions take place.

Thylakoids

As electrons pass through the electron transport chain during photosynthesis, where in the chloroplast do protons build up?

Thylakoid lumen

The _____ is analogous to the cytosol, as it is described as the fluid material that fills up the inner-membrane space of the chloroplast.

stroma

P700, P680, ATP Synthase, Electron carriers

The membranes of thylakoids contain all of the following

Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle take place?

Stroma

In plants, non-cyclic photophosphorylation occurs in the __________.

Thylakoid membrane

Where in the chloroplast does cyclic phosphorylation occur?

 

Stroma lamellae

What physically connects the thylakoids of a plant chloroplast?

 

Stroma lamellae

The splitting of water is called ____.

photolysis

Where in the chloroplast does photolysis occur?

Thylakoid lumen

_____ are plants that perform “normal” photosynthesis

C3 plants

The Calvin Cycle in C3 plants takes place in the __________.

Stroma

_____ is the process in which ions diffuse across a membrane (occurs during light-dependent reactions).

Chemiosmosis

The process of chemiosmosis in plants occurs across the chloroplasts’ __________.

 

Thylakoid membrane

A plant has a lethal mutation that prevents the production of a chloroplast structure that absorbs light. Which structure did not form correctly?

Thylakoid membrane

Suppose a toxin causes ATP synthase to become dysfunctional during photosynthesis. Which of the following is a possible side-effect?

Protons will not be able to move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma

Electrons initially excited in photosystem II will then directly be passed to the __________.

Primary electron acceptor

____ takes place in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.

Non-cyclic photophosphorylation

Which of the following molecules are products of noncyclic photophosphorylation that drives the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH

What is the source of electrons used in non-cyclic photophosphorylation in photosystem II?

The splitting of a water molecule (photolysis)

When water is split during non-cyclic photophosphorylation, the protons are used for __________.

ATP formation

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

NADP⁺

Which of the following enzymes is used in the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle in C3 plants?

 

Rubisco

What are the 4 main steps of the Calvin cycle?

carboxylation (or carbon fixation), reduction, regeneration, and carbohydrate synthesis

What is the product of the reduction step of the Calvin cycle?

G3P

What is known as the dark reaction of C3 photosynthesis?

Calvin cycle

The byproducts (ADP and NADP⁺) of the reduction step of the Calvin cycle will be used in __________.

Non-cyclic photophosphorylation

The most common enzyme in the world is __________.

Rubisco

____ is used to catalyze the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, in which inorganic, atmospheric CO₂ is converted into an organic compound (PGA). 

Rubisco

What molecule is the main product of cyclic photophosphorylation that drives the Calvin cycle?

ATP

What are the byproducts of the reduction step of the Calvin cycle?

ADP & NADP+

Which of the following is produced during the regeneration step of the Calvin cycle?

RuBP

How many G3P molecules are needed to form one glucose molecule?

2

The ATP used in photosynthesis is primarily produced in the __________.

chloroplast

What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle?

To produce glucose

How many CO₂ molecules are required to produce one glucose molecule during the Calvin cycle?

6

Where do protons pass through when moving from the thylakoid lumen into the stroma during photophosphorylation?

ATP synthase

If a plant is producing less sugar and wasting energy, it is likely that ____ is binding to oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, and _____ is occurring.

RuBisCo ; photorespiration

C4 photosynthesis involves __________ to help avoid photorespiration.

spatial separation

What occurs in C4 plants, but does not occur in C3 plants?

Carbon dioxide is moved to the bundle sheath cells

During C4 photosynthesis, CO₂ is moved from the __________.

mesophyll cell to the bundle sheath cell

Which plant can do C4 photosynthesis (warm climate)?

corn

RubisCO uses O2 instead of CO2, which wastes energy and makes a 2 carbon product

C2 (photorespiration)

CO2 is fixed directly by RubisCO, forming 3 carbon product (normal photosynthesis)

C3

A type of photosynthesis that reduces photorespiration by separating the process into different cells (spatial separation)

C4

A water-saving type of photosynthesis. The plant takes in CO2 at night and uses it during the day (temporal separation).

CAM

____ is the process where light energy is used to make ATP during light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Photophosphorylation

Night —→ stomata open & C02 enters

Day ———> stomata closed, saves water

CAM plants

Why is the release of CO₂ from vacuole storage time-dependent in CAM photosynthesis?

CO₂ is released during the day because the light reactions can supply ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle

C2 photosynthesis occurs in the ____.

chloroplast

C3 photosynthesis occurs in the ____.

mesophyll cells in the leaf

C4 photosynthesis occurs in ____.

2 diff cell types: mesophyll cells (light dep rxns) & bundle sheath cells (calvin cycle, doing it there prevents exposure to oxygen)

CAM photosynthesis occurs in the ____.

mesophyll cells (at diff times).