Studied by 20 people
Population distribution
Pattern of where people live
Population density
Measure of the number of people who live in a specified area
Physical factors that lead to a high population density
Natural resources
Soil fertility
Rainfall (source of water)
Human factors that lead to a high population density
Economic development
Jobs
Education
Human factors that lead to a low population density
Conflict
Low security
Physical factors that lead to a low population density
Difficult terrain
Lack/surplus of rainfall
Extreme climate
Why could wealth be deemed a narrow concept
As it only refers to money
Define Recently industrialising countries(RICs)
Countries which have experienced rapid industrial, social and economic growth since 1980
What does the G20 refer to?
A group of the worldās 20 biggest economies
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Measure of total value of the output of goods and services INSIDE a nations borders, it includes profits of foreign own businesses operating there.
Gross National Income (GNI)
Total income received by a country from its residents and businesses regardless if they are located abroad
Gross National Product
GDP + net property income from abroad, which includes dividends, interest and profit.
According to Hans Rosling how does economic development vary in the world
Within cities and specific people
What is the global core and peripheral concept
The concept of a developed core surrounded by an undeveloped periphery. The concept can be applied at various scales
What is the dependancy theory ?
Idea that developed rich countries (core) are limiting the level of development of the poorer countries (periphery) from the control of the world economy.
Name some characteristics of a core country
High foreign investment
High employment and wages
High level communications and technology
High literacy rates
Wide variety of entertainment etc
What are the 4 key factors that contribute to megacity growth ?
Population growth
Reduced need for farming (rural-urban migration)
Loss of farmland
Technological evolution
Factors that contribute refer to high birth rates
High infant mortality
Lack of consent
no education abt sex and contraceptions
Factors that contribute refer to high death rates
Famine/poor nutrition
unhygienic conditions
no healthcare
war
disease
Crude birth rate
The number of births per thousand population in a given year of a given geographical population.
Crude death rate
The number of deaths per thousand population in a given year of a given geographical population.
Population momentum
Population growth at the national level that would occur even if levels of childbearing immediately declined to replacement level. This is because of the time lag as younger generations move into the fertile age bracket.
Replacement rate
Number of children a woman must have to maintain zero population. In developing countries this is 2.1
Total fertility rate
The number of children the average woman in a population is likely to have throughout her life (based on current birth rates)
Asylum seekers
Seek to gain entry by claiming to be victims of persecution, hardship or circumstances until their country is safe again
Refugees
People who have fled due to fear of death or persecution without seeking asylum
Displaced people
People forced to leave homes and seek refuge within the country
Economic refugee
Migrant workers who falsely claim that there reasons for migration are to do with persecution rather than personal ambition
Illegal immigrants
People who take up residency without official permission
Anti-natalist policy
A policy that tries to reduce birth rates
What groups are at risk of human trafficking
Migrants/refugees, LGBTQIA, Disabled people, Stateless people
What is the demographic dividend
Window of opportunity for economic development by harnessing the ideal conditions of a large working age population in relation to a smaller group of young dependants
Maternal mortality rate
The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, from any cause related to the pregnancy or its management.
Family planning
The practice of controlling the no. of children one has and the intervals between their births, particularly by means of contraception or voluntary sterilisation.
Ageing population
This occurs when the median age of a country increases due to rising life expectancy and/or declining fertility rates.
Economically active
Proportion of the population aged 15-64 in the working age.
Demographic transition model
model which demonstrates how the population of countries fluctuate over time , as birth rates, death rates, and natural increase change
Population pyramid
A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age and gender groups in a population
Migration balance
Difference between immigration and emigration.
Selective migration
Migration which involves one particular cohort of the population (eg. working women).
Brain drain
Emigration of intelligent, skilled or capable resources especially due to lack of high paying jobs.
Norway
Gender equality in core: Male and female footballers get paid equally for representing, there is a crack special forces unit called 'the hunter troop' made up entirely of women
Kerala, India
City to use as example of gender equality in periphery.
Nigeria (Human trafficking)
Vulnerable women and girls are trafficked from this country and forced into a life of exploitation
Two child policy
From 1st January 2016, this population policy came into effect in mainland China
Thomas Maltheus
Pessimistic view of world population growth - population would grow at a geometric rate, but food would only increase at an arithmetic rate - therefore, we will very soon be overpopulated
Esther Boserup
OPTIMISTIC VIEW OF WORLD POPULATION GROWTH - innovative species and will find ways of ensuring that we can provide for the growth - eg, green revolution, HYVs, vertical rooftop farming in cities, etc.
Carrying capacity
The maximum number of individuals that a given environment can support with the resources available and without detrimental effects.
Preventive checks (on population)
Postponement of marriage, higher cost of food
Positive checks (on population)
War, famine, disease - ie the deaths of people who are alive now
North-south divide
The increasing inequality in levels of development between the North (HICs) and the South (LICs)
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, representing the interests of oil exporters. Its position is undermined by some oil-producing countries such as the UK, which does not agree with OPEC controlled oil prices.
census
an official periodic count of a population including such information as age, gender, occupation and ethnic origin
Explain reasons why the median age of a population could decrease
The arrival of youthful economic migrants means proportionately more younger people, reducing the median age
High birth rate/fertility rate will increase the proportion of younger population
Increased mortality among elderly population/decrease in life expectancy.
Increase in death rate due to conflict decreases the proportion of independent population
Explain environmental consequences of one named forced migration.
Northern Cameroon hosts Nigerian refugees who have escaped violence this has caused rapid deforestation as refugees need firewood for cooking.
Lebanon has many Syrian refugees escaping war the waste from informal settlements is often dumped in an uncontrolled manner this leads to soil and water pollution.
Also could be loss of biodiversity due to clearing land to build settlements
Policies designed to prevent human trafficking (3marks)
Any of:
Accreditation schemes such as Global Organic Textile Standard decrease demand for cheap clothes that cause trafficking of labour in LICs
Travel restrictions ā children not travel without parentsā/parentās signature eg France
Prosecution of individuals/firms that use trafficked labour or groups that organise the trafficking of people by the National Crime Agency in UK
Cambodia passed legislation in 2008 that criminalises all forms of trafficking . Fines and prison sentences are applied to those convicted.
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Flashcard (31)