Part B: DNA, Genes & Protein Synthesis

What is DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What are the three components of a DNA nucleotide?

deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and a nitrogoenous base

What are the four nitrogenous bases for DNA?

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine

What is RNA

Ribonucleic Acid

What are the three components of a RNA nucleotide?

Ribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base

What are the four nitrogenous bases for RNA?

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine

What does Adenine pair with?

Thymine

What does Guanine pair with?

Cytosine

What does Uracil pair with?

Adenine

What is a gene?

Creates a different protein which controls a function within the body

What is a Codon?

a gene sequence of 3 bases coding for a specific amino acid

How is a protein made?

nucleus - DNA - RNA - ribosomes - bases - codons - amino acids - protein

What is transcription?

the information from a gene in the DNA is copied into a molecule of mRNA

What is translation?

Moves the mRNA into the ribosomes where the code is read to build the protein chain by tRNA

What is Point mutation

a change to a single base

What is substitution

When one single base is replaced for another altering the amino acid

what is deletion

when a single base is removed

What is insertion

when a single base is added

What is a frameshift? - insertion and deletion

Changes every amino acid after the mutation affecting the function of the acid