Pivot Point 102.4: Basic Building Blocks of the Human Body
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33 Terms
Anatomy
The study of the organs and systems of the bodt
Gross Anatomy
Structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)
Structures too small to be seen except through a microscope
Physiology
The study of the functions these organs and systems perform
What are the building blocks of the human body?
Cells → Tissues → Organs → Body Systems
Cells are composed of a gel-like substance containing water, salt and nutrients known as?
Protoplasm
What are the 3 basic parts of the cell?
Nucleus - the control center for cell activities
Cytoplasm - Production part of cell where most activity takes place
Cell Membrane- Outer surface and cell which encloses protoplasm
Mitosis
Cells grow and divide
Metabolism
Chemical process in which cells receive nutrients for growth and reproduction
Anabolism
The process of making larger molecules from smaller ones to store food, water, and oxygen
Catabolism
The process of breaking larger molecules down to smaller ones to release energy for the body to use.
Epithelial Tissue
Tissue that covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs
Connective Tissue
Supports, protects, and holds body together
Nerve Tissue
Coordinates body functions and carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord
Muscular Tissue
Contracts to produce motion
What is the function of the brain?
Controls all bodily functions
What is the function of the eye
Controls vision
What is the function of the heart?
Circulates the blood throughout the body
What is the function of the lungs?
Supplies the blood with oxygen
What is the function of the liver?
Removes toxic byproducts from digestion
What is the function of the kidneys?
Eliminates water and waste products
What is the function of the skin (largest body organ)
Forms external layer of body.
What is a body system?
Group of body structures and organs that work together to perform one (or more) vital functions of the body
What is the function of the skeletal system?
Provides framework for the body
What is the function of the Muscular system?
Allows for movement of the body
What is the function of the Circulatory system?
Circulates blood and lymph through the body
What is the function of the Nervous system?
Sends and receives body messages
What is the function of the Digestive system?
Supplies food for the body
What is the function of the Excretory system?
Eliminates waste from the body
What is the function of the Respiratory system?
Controls breathing for the body
What is the function of the Endocrine system?
Controls growth and general health and reproduction of the body
What is the function of the Reproductive system?
Allows living organisms to procreate
What is the function of the Integumentary system?
Provides protection, regulates temperature, controls the sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands