covalent bonds

define molecules

groups of atoms bonded together

whats a covalent bond

when 2 atoms share an electron so they both have a full outer shell

what does a covatent bond result in

an electrostatic attreactin between sheared elecron and nuculi

whats the normall number of electrons to end up with in their outer shell

8

what is avrage bond enthlapy

energy required to break a covalent bond

what is a polar covalent bond

when a shared pair of electrons arnt shared equally

what do polar covalnet bonds create

dleta postive and delta negitive (one has a slightly positive charge the other a slightly negitive one)polar molecules e.g. water

what is a dative covalent bond

when both of the electrons come from 1 atom

what is a double/triple covalent bond

when atoms are sharing more than 1 electron

what is spatial structure -VSEPR theory

it predicts the spacial arrangement of atoms

how would VSEPR be worked out

the toatal number of electron pairs while allowing maximum distance - determines shape

what are the types of orbital hybrids that can arise

1s+3p, 1s+2p and s+p