Learn: COMM 100 Unit 1 Exam

Artifacts

"messages"

Feedback

when a receiver affects a source (often confused with audience feedback/reactions-which can only become feedback if source is affected)

What are the levels of feedback?

least, moderate, high

Commercial broadcasting

most restricted, dependence on advertisers and what they want (no controversial topics, sensitive topics) and regulated by FCC (Federal Communications Commission)

Basic cable

not regulated by the FCC, no support from advertisers

T/F : If basic cable airs on commercial broadcasting, they have to follow commercial broadcasting regulations

True

Industrial context

how the show is structured or circulated, how are they as an industrial product, major difference or indicator from artifact to artifact - context can change as the artifact and society evolves

Linear television

appear in a set schedule on certain formats when a show airs, based on the time

What are the 3 roles in media industries?

Production, distribution, exhibition

Production

create the content of media, hire actors, directors, script writer, cinematography, production logistics (location), "above the line", "below the line"

Distribution/Distributor

between production and exhibitor, the middle connection, nationally dispersed

What are some things distributors do?

do some production (mostly financing), fund productions, commission films in advance, can also buy already-produced films ("independent")

and market through (ads)

Networks

another term for distributors in television

Exhibition/Exhibitor

the organization that is responsible for delivering the final content to the media, "us"

ISP companies

more complicated exhibitors go through ISP (internet service provider) like Netflix. ISP companies-AT&T, Fios, Xfinity, Optimum, Frontier, Spectrum, and become the exhibitor

Horizontal Monopoly/Integration

to gain power or control an industry, industries try to own a whole "level", whether it is production, distribution, or exhibition, which causes conflicts with other levels

Three main forms of Media funding

Advertising , Direct Funding/Consumer Spending,

Public

Who is the market?

The government or tax payers

Who is the product/commodity?

Public service-oriented media content

Masthead

title of a newspaper (EX: The Collegian)

Fold

the literal "fold" in a newspaper, most important stories are above the fold on front page

News stories

can be editorial or not, written by staff writers , stringers, and wire services like the Associated Press

Source

The person or origin who imagines, creates, and sends the message

Message

The stimulus, information, or meaning produced by the source for the audience

Channel

The physical or virtual way in which a message travels between the source and the receiver (such as speaking, writing, or digital media)

Receiver

The person who gets the message, analyzes and interprets it, using their senses.

Feedback

The messages or reactions that the receiver sends back to the source.

Environment

The physical and psychological atmosphere where the communication takes place.

Context

The setting, scene, and expectations of the individuals involved in the interaction.

Interference

Anything that blocks, distorts, or changes the source's intended meaning (also known as noise)

Linear Model

The Source encodes a message and sends it through a Channel. The Receiver simply decodes it

Interactional Model

It includes all elements of the linear model but introduces Feedback and Context. Participants take turns swapping roles: person A speaks (source) while person B listens (receiver), and then they flip. [1, 2, 3, 4], like ping pong

Transactional Model

People are not merely taking turns; they are simultaneously senders and receivers at every given fraction of a second. It heavily emphasizes the fluid interplay of Environment, Context (social, cultural, and relational), and non-verbal cues

What are the projected global entertainment and media advertising revenues for 2030?

US$1.4 trillion

What is the projected global box office and streaming revenue trend?

It is expected to grow significantly.

What is driving advertising growth in the entertainment and media sector?

AI and hyperpersonalization in advertising placement.

What trend is observed in consumer spending related to entertainment?

Increased spending on streaming and on-demand revenue.

What is one area of growth in the entertainment sector?

In-person experiences.

What is a growing trend in the gambling industry?

Online betting and gambling.

Why is the rescissions package for public media funding considered a "clawback"?

retroactively canceling previously appropriated federal funds allocated to the Corporation for Public Broadcasting

What was the Corporation for Public Broadcasting

a private, nonprofit organization created by Congress in 1967 to fund and support public radio and television across the United States

Why might rural and Native American areas be especially affected by this funding decision?

because their local stations rely heavily on federal funding to survive, and they lack alternative options

What's the rationale for rescinding the funding?

government waste in a media-saturated landscape and accusations of partisan political bias

Why might public broadcasting be important as a news source?

public radio and television play an important role in making high-quality journalism freely accessible to the entire American public

What is the function of editorials during elections?

influence voters and political debate, endorse candidates or political parties, and influence voting behavior by writing on political issues

What is an editorial/editorial journalism, and how is it

different from the news content of a newspaper, and different from other forms of opinion writing?

an unsigned article that expresses the official opinion and institutional voice of a newspaper or media organization's editorial board

How did editorials allow for the separation of objectivity and facts from opinion in US newspapers?

clearly separated and identified from the news sections of newspapers

What is "inter-media agenda setting"?

when one news organization influences what other news organizations talk about or consider important

What factors may influence what political stance that editorial journalism may take?

a newspaper's historical political alignment, the editorial writers themselves, the owner, and the editorial board

What do kids between 12-15 identify as their most important news

source?

Tiktok

What is "creator journalism" and "boutique media" (HINT: Joe Rogan is an example of the latter)?

news produced and shared by individual creators, influencers, podcasters, newsletter writers, and other independent personalities instead of large news organizations

How has the shift in news led to a shift in "epistemic authority" to

"affective authority"?

people get more news from influencers and social media, where they may trust that person more because they feel connected to them, rather then a professional journalist

Why did Post-Gazette employees go on strike, and what was the court decisions

about it?

they wanted better wages and working conditions, the court ruled that the newspaper had to adjust health-insurance coverage

Why does the author think the newspaper's closure is significant?

the newspaper was a major local newspaper and an important source of news for western Pennsylvania

What is the basic trend in the number of journalists per 100K US people?

a dramatic decrease

What is a "pink slime" news site?

a website that looks like a legitimate local news organization but is a propaganda-oriented outlet

What does the author see is the problem with news from social-media outlets?

having lots of info on social media does not equal good journalism