Urban Issues and Challenges Key Terminology

teacher: make flashcards // me: already copying and pasting into knowt

economic opportunities

chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment

formal economy

the type of employment where people receive a regular wage, pay tax, and have certain rights such as paid holidays and sick leave

global city

urban area with an important role in the global economy

inequalities

differences between people, in terms of factors such as; poverty, wealth, wellbeing, employment opportunities, housing, education etc.

informal economy

employment outside the official knowledge of the government

land use

the way in which land is used, or has been modified or managed by people

megacities

an urban area with a total population of more than ten million people

migration

when people move from one area to another

natural increase

birth rate minus the death rate of a population

pollution

the presence of chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have harmful or poisonous effects on an environment

pull factors

the attractions and opportunities of a place that encourage people to move there

push factors

the negative aspects of a place that encourage people to move away

quality of life

how good a person’s life is, measured by such things of housing and environment, access to education, healthcare, how secure people feel and how happy they are with their lifestyle

rural-urban migration

when people move from rural to urban areas

sanitation

measures designed to protect public health, such as providing clean water and disposing of sewage and waste

service industries

the economic activities that provide various services − commercial, professional, social, entertainment and personal

site and service scheme

where a local authority provides land and services for residents to build homes

traffic congestion

when there is too great a volume of traffic for roads to cope with, and traffic slows to a crawl

urban growth

the increase in the area covered by cities

urbanisation

when an increasing percentage of a country's population live in towns and cities