Field Methods Finals

Research Topic

a general area of interest that you would like to pursue in your research.

Introduction

Includes backgrounds of the research variable you are trying to measure, your participants, and their connection.

Statement of the Problem

can also be defined as research objectives, it refers to a particular issue based on the research topic.

Quantitative Research

presented in the form of numbers and graphs. it is employed to verify or assess theories and assumptions. This form of investigation has the potential to establish generalizable facts regarding a subject.

Qualitative Research

it is conveyed through words. it is employed to comprehend concepts, beliefs, or experiences. This form of research allows for acquiring comprehensive insights into subjects that are not yet well understood.

Descriptive Research

to describe the status of a real-world phenomenon.

Correlational Research

this approach is employed to investigate relationships between variables, which are quantified and documented as research variables.

Quasi-Experimental Research

the study aims to establish a causal connection between independent and dependent factors.

Experimental Research

Using experiments to show what happens when a certain factor is changed can help us understand cause and effect.

Experiments

are steps that are taken to prove or disprove a theory or find out how well or how likely something is to work that hasn’t been tried before.

Ethnography

the scientific study of different cultures.

phenomenology

describes how an individual experiences or feels about a particular phenomenon.

case studies

involves looking closely at a certain person, event, or group of people.

focus groups

many people choose these types of qualitative study because they let people share their own thoughts and feelings.

historical research

involves examining historical records, documents, and artifacts to gain insights into past events, contexts, and social phenomena, providing a more longitudinal perspective.

grounded studies

involve the collection of raw data.

narrative

collection of stories shared by individuals/ story telling

interviews

one of the most common methods of qualitative research and can be used as a part of almost any part of the research approaches.

population

complete collection of all individuals to be studied.

sample

a subcollection of members from the population

random sample

members are chosen without a particular preference for any member of the population.

non-random sample

members are chosen based on some preference for particular members of the population.

nonprobability sampling

each member of the population does not have an equal chance of getting picked as a member of the sample.

convenient sampling

participants just happened to be there.

quota sampling

sampling does not stop until the right number is reached.

purposive sampling

participants are selected based on the set of criteria provided by the researchers.

snowball sampling

respondents are acquired from referrals.

random sampling technique

general procedure used to ensure the validity of inferences from the sample to the population.

randomization

the process of giving each and every member of the population an equal chance of being included in the sample.

simple random sampling

examples are fishbowl method, table of random numbers, and lottery method

Systematic Sampling

Involves selecting every nth element of the population.

Stratified-Proportional Sampling

Involves dividing the population into strata

Cluster Sampling

Divides the population based on the cluster.

Pearson R

statistical method for identifying the correlation of two variables.

T-test

statistical method that identifies significant differences between two variables.

Multiple Regression

Statistical method that identifies the correlation of two or more variables.

ANOVA

statistical method that compares two or more variables.

Adapted

term for a standardized questionnaire that has been revised upon use.

Adopted

A standardized questionnaire that has been directly used with no revisions.

3

number of validators needed for a self-constructed questionnaire

15

number of respondents are needed for the pilot testing of a self-constructed questionnaire

0.75

number of reliability needed for a self-constructed questionnaire.

Positive Correlation

correlation that is directly proportional

Negative Correlation

Correlation that is inversely proportional

Research Locale

Part of the methodology that describes the focused location or area of where the participants are from.