NVCC BIO 141 Chapter 11
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22 Terms
Nervous system
Body's primary communication and control system. Integrates and regulates body functions.
Central nervous system
Anatomic division of the nervous system
Includes brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral nervous system
Other anatomic division,
Includes nerves, bundles of neuron processes.
Includes ganglia, clusters of neuron cell bodies.
Sensory nervous system
"afferent" nervous system
Responsible for receiving sensory information from receptors.
Transmits information to the CNS
Motor nervous system
"efferent" nervous system
Initiates and transmits motor output from CNS.
Transmits information to the effectors.
Somatic motor
Transmits motor output from CNS to voluntary skeletal muscles.
Effector consciously controlled
Autonomic motor
Transmits output from CNS without conscious control.
Transmits to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands.
Neurons
Basic structural unit of the nervous system
Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals
Cell body
Enclosed by plasma membrane
Dendrites
Short processes branching off cell body
Receive input and transfer it to cell body
Axon
Longer process emanating from cell body
Branch extensively at distal end into telodendria (axon terminals).
Synaptic knobs located at the tips of telodendria.
Multipolar neurons
Most common type.
Have many dendrites and a single axon.
Bipolar neurons
two processes extending from cell body
One dendrite and one axon
Glial cells
Nonexcitable cells
that primarily support and protect neurons. are smaller and capable of mitosis.
Astrocytes
Starlike shape from surface projections
Most abundant glial cell in CNS
that helps to form the blood-brain barrier
Ependymal cells
Line internal cavities of brain and spinal cord
Microglia
That defends the body against pathogens
Phagocytic cells of the immune system
Oligodendrocytes
The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the CNS. Allow for faster action potential propagation through CNS.
Satellite cells
Regulate the exchange of nutrients and waste products .
Neurolemmocytes
"Schwann" cells.
The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons in the peripheral nervous system.
nerves
bundles of neuron processes
ganglia
clusters of neuron cell bodies