Cofactors and Vitamins to Memorize

NAD+

For Redox reactions (Niacin - Vitamin B3)

FAD

For Redox reactions (Riboflavin - Vitamin B2)

Thiamine pyrophosphate

For carbon-carbon bond cleavage (Thiamin - Vitamin B1)

Biotin

For adding carbon to molecules (Vitamin B7)

Coenzyme A

For handling small molecules (Pantothenic acid - Vitamin B5)

Cobalamin

For carbon skeleton rearrangements (Vitamin B12)

Sodium

Macromineral; For action potentials and membrane transport

Potassium

Macromineral; For action potentials

Magnesium

Macromineral; For ATP usage

Calcium

Macromineral; For bone structure and muscle contraction

Iron

Trace mineral; For redox reactions and oxygen binding

Copper

Trace mineral; For redox reactions and oxygen binding

Zinc

Trace mineral; for structure and activation of water in chemical reactions

Manganese

Trace mineral; For redox reactions

Kinases

They use ATP to attach a phosphate group onto another protein in a process called phosphorylation

Phosphatases

They can remove phosphate groups from other proteins in a process called dephosphorylation