Periods 1 and 2 Flashcards

Primogeniture

A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the New World for their financial purposes and individual wealth.

Chattel Slavery

Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person.

Overt Rebellion

Open forms of resistance, such as slave rebellions and slaves running away from their captors.

Covert Rebellion

Secret resistance by enslaved Africans, maintaining cultural customs.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Encomienda System

system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills.

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Headright System

The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land

Indentured Servitude

A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most were Europeans; after 1800 most were Asians.

join-stock company

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders. Allowed for the purchase of land with "no strings attached" (less risk)

Predestination

Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.

town meeting

An assembly of people in a New England town that made laws and elected leaders.

Dominion of New England

1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Stono Rebellion

a 1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh slave laws

Quakers

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preached a doctrine of pacifism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania

House of Burgesses

1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.

Pilgrim

a person who makes a journey for religious reasons

Puritan

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for land (and religious freedom) and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Great Awakening

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Lord Baltimore

1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.

John Winthrop

Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill"

City Upon a Hill

name for Mass. Bay Colony coined by Winthrop to describe how their colony should serve as a model of excellence for future generations

Roger Williams

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well educated that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Sir Edmund Andros

Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England

Spanish Colonies

Subjugation

Dutch/French Colonies

Trade, more intermarriage in French

English Colonies

Expulsion

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire; Pilgrims came in seek of land and religious freedom and created family colonies

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware;
New York was important trading area, William Penn founded Pennsylvania for religious freedom, also called bread colonies

Chesapeake Colonies

Virginia and Maryland made up these colonies; they developed the beginnings of religious freedom, self-government, and chattel slavery of British colonies

Deep South Colonies

N. Carolina, S. Carolina, Georgia; established chattel slavery